- Osberto de Caisneto Osberto de Caisneto was one of the first known pre-Cheynes. Some of his descendents would become the Cheynes in Scotland. His genealogical lineage is based on "Le Fief de Quesneto", by R. W. L. Chesney. The linages in "The Cheyne Family in Scotland", by Lieut.-Colonel A. Y. Cheyne and W. D. Cheyne-MacPherson, "The Cheynes of Inverugie, Esslemont and Arnage" have been added in their proper places after the entries cited in this work.
- Ralf de Caisned Ralf de Caisned was one of the first known pre-Cheynes. His descendents will become the Cheynes, Cheneys and Chesneys in England. His genealogical lineage is based on "Le Fief de Quesneto", by R. W. L. Chesney.
- William le Chen William le Chen was the first documented Cheyne in Scotland. His genealogical lineage is based on "The Cheyne Family in Scotland", by Lieut.-Colonel A. Y. Cheyne, published in 1931. This is the most definitive Cheyne history in print, The copyright of this book ran out in 2008. Images of the pages of it are now included. The lineages outlined in R. W. L. Chesney, "Le Fief de Quesneto", and W. D. Cheyne-MacPherson, "The Cheynes of Inverugie, Esslemont and Arnage" have been added in their proper place before and after the entries cited in this work.
- Reginald Le Chen, 2nd of Inverugie
- Sir John Cheyney, knight of Henry 7th
- Patrick Cheyne, 8th of Essilmont
- James Cheyne of Pennan hellraiser and outlaw, who with his wife, Elspet Gordon, terrorized Ellon in the 16th century.
- George (or Robert) Cheyne the earliest Cheyne mentioned in "The Cheynes of Inverugie, Esslemont and Arnage and Their Descendants", by W. D. Cheyne-MacPherson and not mentioned in A. Y. Cheyne, "The Cheyne Family in Scotland".
- William Cheyne in Peterhead b.c. 1610, the first documented Cheyne in Peterhead
- Dr. George Cheyne (1671-1743), M.D. R.C. E.d. and R.S.S., was a pioneering physician, early proto-psychologist, philosopher and mathematician. He is also known for his contribution to vegetarianism.
- Alexander Cheyne Alexander Cheyne married Jean Urquhart both were influential and were probably of the "landed" families of their surnames. Many modern day Cheynes are their descendents.
- Dr. John Cheyne Surgeon in Dalkeith, Leith and Edinburgh.
- Ninian Richard Cheyne, bookseller in Edinburgh
- Dr. John Cheyne the medical doctor specializing in abnormal breathing, who with William Stokes, first described the condition known as Cheyne-Stokes respiration.
- George Cheyne, early setter of Australia
- Robert Murray McCheyne minister of St Peter's Church, Dundee (1836 - 1843). He was a godly evangelical pastor and evangelist with a great love for souls. Many of his sermons are online today.
- Thomas Kelly Cheyne He was a joint editor of the Encyclopaedia Biblica (London, 1899-1903), a work embodying the more advanced conclusions of English biblical criticism. He wrote many other works.
- William Watson Cheyne a pioneer of antiseptic medicine.
- Ernest Cheyne, my father