Poland, Norway, Denmark, Belgium, Holland - they all succumbed. Then France. Hitler's schedule of destruction took a definite stand when France was overwhelmingly defeated, June 22, 1940. Churchill's silent refusal of Hitler's offer for British capitulation led to the Nazi's final preparation for the invasion of Britain.
     First came the preliminary stage of the Battle of Britain, the world's first air battle. The Nazi Luftwaffe headed by Goering began to bomb shipping and the fringes of the British Isles, July 10, 1940. On August 8th the all-out air-blitz of England itself began. Britain standing alone was faced with almost certain death.
     Operational airdromes for the defense of Britain crowded the British Isles. Flying training schools required space needed for defense and enemy bombing interrupted training. Royal Air Force Training Commanded airfields were bombed for the first time on August 13th.
     But it wasn't until eight months later, on April 13, 1941, that it was agreed at a conference between Royal Air Force Chief of Training, Air Vice - Marshal Garrod, and the Commanding General of the U. S. Air Service, General H. H. Arnold, that a part of the training facilities in the United States would be turned over to the British. Arrangements for the establishment of six British Flying Training Schools in the United States had already been made.
     This was before Pearl Harbor. Establishment of British and United States Flying Training Schools in the United States finally took shape and South Florida received its share. The City of Arcadia in South Central Florida became a pivotal point for two important British Training Schools; the British No. 5 at Riddle Field, Clewiston, and the U. S. School at the Carlstrom Field opened in June 1941; Riddle Field in September.
     At the time of the first death of a Royal Air Force Cadet at either of the two schools, July 22, 1941, by request of the British authorities, arrangements for a burial site in Arcadia's Oak Ridge Cemetery were expeditiously made by Paul P. Speer, Arcadia's City Recorder and Manager, acting for the city on behalf of the British.
     A cemetery lot was assigned sufficient for eight burials with adequate areas bordering north and south for expansion. As it turned out, five lots in all were set aside for British burials. Although three accommodated the final twenty three burials, the extra two lots provide an appropriate area for meditation and memorials.
     These lots have not been deeded to the British government as the nature of their use assures permanency.
     At the end of the war, when training was discontinued, there was a marked difference in the number of deaths occurring at the two flying schools noted above.
     At Arcadia, there were only two deaths neither of which was due to a aircraft accident. On the other hand, at Clewiston there was a total of twenty-one deaths, nineteen of which were due to aircraft accidents. The reason for this difference was due to the type of aircraft used, together with the training requirements.
     Carlstrom Field at Arcadia was devoted entirely to primary training and airplanes of simple design were used, such as the PT-17's. At Clewiston, basic and advanced trainers (BT-13's and AT-6's) as well as primary trainers were used. The former planes have much greater power with complicated equipment and panels suitable for instrument, blind, and night flying.
     Each year, on Memorial Day, now the last Monday in May, a formal commemorative service is conducted graveside at the British Plot in Arcadia's Oak Ridge Cemetery by the Rotary Club of Arcadia.
     Many members of the Sarasota Scottish Society, Daughters of the British Empire, Canadian organizations in South Florida, British veterans and former instructors, as well as town's people, take part in and attend the ceremony which honors these twenty-three Royal Air Force Cadets who "crossed the river to rest in the shade of the trees."
 
 

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