SAMUELS, JAMES, farmer, Sec. 36; P. O. Peoria; born in Harrison county, Indiana, October 26, 1825; came to this county in 1844; owns 40 acres of land; he married Miss C. Petty, in 1850; she was born in Ohio; has 4 children, Emily I., Gilbert D., Eldora and Lucy J.

SAULTS, JOSEPH, farmer, Sec. 10; P. O. Agricola; born in County Doun, Ireland, in 1828, came to the United States in 1847, and to this county in 1855; owns 505 acres of land. He married Miss Ann Bell, in 1850; she was born in the same county; has five children: Jos. A., Wm. J., Elizabeth, Bella and Robert J.

SAWYER, J. H., mayor, Rose Hill; born in Indiana in 1846; came to Iowa in 1854; enlisted in Co. E, 33d Iowa Infantry in 1862, and was discharged in 1865; he was in all the battles that regiment participated in.

SCHEE, W. F., farmer, Sec. 13; P. O. Oskaloosa; was born in Harrison county, Ohio, June 3, 1822, lived there until May, 1855, and then came to this county and located where he now lives; his farm contains 520 acres, and 30 acres of timber; he married Miss Mary Myers December 24, 1844, a native of Tuscarawas county, Ohio; she died in 1863; married again to Rebecca Ross, April 28, 1870, a native of Tuscarawas county, Ohio; by the first union three sons and four daughters, Isabel (now Mrs. Henry Gray), Ellen (now Mrs. James Elliott), Walter, Lieurany, Ida, Wm. F., Jr., James; one daughter by second marriage, Olive; was member of the board of supervisors one term.

SCOTT, ISAAC NEWTON, farmer, New Sharon; born in Fulton county, Ill., in 1844; came to thiscounty, in 1877; owns 55 acres of land.

SCOTT, LEVI T., retired farmer, New Sharon; born in Crawford county, Indiana, April 3,1816; he removed to Illinois, settling first in Vermillion county, and afterward in Fulton and McDonagh counties; he remained in Illinois forty years, and came to this county in April, 1877; he owns 156-1/2 acres of land; he married Nancy Doyle in 1839; she was born in Kentucky; has four children, Araminda, wife of Jackson Eflin, Mary, wife of Solen Fairman, of Fulton county, Illinois, Emma, wife of Wilbur Ogborn, and Isaac Newton; when he first settled in Illinois he cut wood for twenty-five cents per cord, and split rails for twenty-five cents per hundred, and sold dressed pork for $1.25 per cwt.

SEARLE, CHAS. P., attorney, land and loan agency, Oskaloosa; born in Chester, Hampden county, Massachusetts, April 16, 1831; he was brought up and received his education there, and in 1850 moved to Trumbull county, Ohio; he came to Iowa and located in this county in May 1854, and went in a store, and afterwards engaged in mercantile business until the breaking out of the war, when he enlisted in 1861 in the 8th Regiment Iowa Infantry, Co. H; he was in the battle of Shiloh and was taken prisoner there April 6, 1862; he was taken to Montgomery, and then to Macon, and Madison, Georgia and to Libby prison; he was a prisoner 6 months, and was exchanged October 19th, 1862; he joined his regiment in St. Louis, and was in the siege of Vicksburg and in the two battles of Jackson; at Brandon he was promoted from Sergeant major of the regiment to 1st Lieutenant, and was promoted to, and commissioned Captain of the company; during Forrest's raid on Memphis when the Union forces were surprised, Captain Searle and his command were taken prisoners; though he was severely wounded he was determined not to again partake of the hospitality of Libby prison; he had narrow escapes from death several times, but his life was saved by his courage and presence of mind; he still suffers from the wounds he received; he was discharged in January 1865, on account of disability; after the war he was elected clerk of the courts in 1866, and held that office for 8 years; during this time he studied law and was admitted to the bar; he was cashier of the National State Bank, and afterward purchased the abstract books and engaged in his present business; married Miss Martha E. Turner, daughter of Rev. Asa Turner, April 12th, 1859; they have 3 daughters, Dora E., Alice M., and Hattie L.

SEERLEY, PROF. HOMER H., superintendent of schools of the Independent District of Oskaloosa; born in Indianapolis, Indiana, August 13, 1848; when three years of age his parents removed to Stark county, Illinois, and he came with them to Iowa, in 1854, and located in Keokuk county. He attended the common schools in that county, and in April, 1866, entered the preparatory department of the Iowa State University; remained there for one year, and then engaged in teaching until 1869, when he returned to the Iowa University and entered the freshman class and graduated in the academical department, in 1873. He came here the following September and engaged in teaching as assistant in the High Scchool, and teacher of German; the following year he was chosen principal of the High school, and in April, 1875, he was elected to his present position as superintendent of schools; this action was entirely unexpected on his part, and was done without his knowledge. He has been elected to the same position every year since. Prof. Seerley labors indefatigably for the interests of the schools, and during the three years that he has occupied his present position, there has not been an appeal to the school board. He married Miss Clara E. Twaddle, of this city, July 9, 1878.

SEEVERS, BYRON V., attorney, Oskaloosa; born in Cochocton county, Ohio, March 3, 1847, and when six years of age, came with his parents to Iowa, arriving in this county in 1853; he attended school here, and completed his education in Ohio. After graduating there, he returned and studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1874, and since then he has practiced his profession here; he is a member of the school board. He married Miss Laura M. Smith, daughter of Wm. T. Smith, Esq., January 1, 1874; they have two children, Ada L. and Mildred Pauline. Seevers, James Among the pioneers of every frontier ever settled by the Anglo-Saxon, there were to be found those who were regularly instructed in mind, and cherished in their hearts a love of the mysteries and principles of the ancient and time-honored institution. Mahaska county was not by any means an exception to this rule, for among the very first of all comers, when wagons, tents, and rude log-huts hastily constructed, marked the early settler's hearth and home, came James Seevers, from Winchester, Virginia, (the father of Hon. W. H. Seevers, one of the judges of the Supreme Court of Iowa), who was chosen the first Worshipful Master of the first Lodge organized in Mahaska county, as will hereafter appear. This gentleman has survived the hardships and toils of the early settler, and yet lives at the advanced age of eighty-six years, an esteemed citizen of Oskaloosa, a zealous votary of Masonry - one, who until prevented within the last year, by the infirmity of age, always identified himself with the order on funeral and all other public occasions, and as far as it was possible for him to do, in the private councils of the Lodge room.

SEEVERS, MRS. MARY, whose maiden name was Miss Mary Collins, was born in Fountain county, Indiana, and lived there until fifteen years of age, and then came with her parents to Marion county, Iowa, and came to Mahaska county, in early part of 1854. She married James A. Seevers, in May 1855. He was born in Jefferson Co., Va., March 6, 1832; when ten years of age he came with his father to Iowa. His father left him in school at Burlington, but he did not have a very good opinion of the teacher, so he left and started on foot and walked to Oskaloosa. He received his education in this State, and studied law with his brother, Judge Seevers, and was admitted to the bar in 1853, and engaged in practice of law. Upon the breaking out of the war, he, with one or two others, raised a company, and enlisted in October, 1861; was elected and commissioned captain of Company C, 15th Regiment, Iowa Infantry. He was in the battles of Shiloh, Iuka, Bolivar, Corinth, and received injuries on the march from Corinth to Grand Junction, and was obliged to resign. After his return, he practiced law here until his death, November 5, 1865, leaving three children, Charles A., James E. and Eva.

SEEVERS, ROBERT, farmer, Sec. 24, P. O. Oskaloosa; born in St. Clairsville, Belmont county, Ohio, December 9, 1807; he was brought up in Ohio, living in Jefferson and Coshocton counties until coming to Iowa; he came by wagon, and was three weeks on the way, and arrived here June 1, 1853, and located on the place where he now lives, and has lived here over a quarter of a century; he has given much attention to the cultivation of fruit, and has sixty to seventy varieties of apples; he has held office of president of the State Agricultural Society for two years, and director of the same for ten years; also president of the Mahaska County Agricultural Society for many years, and president of the Horticultural Society; he married Ellen Bryan, from Coshocton county, Ohio; they have three sons, George W., of Indianola, Byron V., attorneys at law, Oskaloosa, William A., merchant, Oskaloosa.

SEEVERS, JUDGE W. H. While in this land of democratic principles and sudden changes, which sometimes lift the cobbler's apprentice to the foremost legislative honors, or drop the son of a world's idol into the gutter and bury him in an unknown grave, there is not much attention given to family rank and ancestral deeds; yet it is sometimes with a pardonable pride that the friends of a man who has emulated the good name of his forefathers, point to the record of his family and read with pleasure the life work of his kinsman. Judge Seevers is of one of the proud old Virginia families; his father, James Seevers, who still lives with him, is one of the heroes of 1812, who has lived to receive the morning smiles of the last quarter of a century whose first quarter had seen him a retired volunteer from his country's service, a sharer in the battle of Baltimore. James Seevers married Rebecca Wilkins, of Virginia, in August, 1819, and of their children the subject of this sketch is the oldest survivor. Mr. Seevers family was a large one, being composed of eight sons and two daughters, of whom those living besides Judge Seevers are Mrs. M. T. Williams and Thos. L. Seevers, of Marshalltown. The family came to Mahaska in 1843, arriving in June; the journey was made across the prairies by means of a four-horse team and one horse barouche. The father made a claim of a quarter section about one mile southeast of Oskaloosa. Three sons were in the war; John N. as sergeant, James A. as captain, and Theodorick as second lieutenant. The venerable father of this family, of whom it is our pleasure to speak thus fully, is now (1878) eighty-six years of age, and is one of Mahaska's most respected pioneers; he nears well and heartily the honors of a ripe old age. Judge Seevers did not come to Iowa until the year following the immigration of his parents; he arrived in June, 1844, finding at that date the glory of Oskaloosa wrapt in the embryo of a boarding shanty and a corner grocery. Mr. Seevers chose the law as his profession, and was admitted to the bar in 1846, at which time he began practice; he is the only attorney yet living in Oskaloosa who was engaged in practice at that time; he was elected prosecuting attorney in 1848 (?) and served two years, and from 1852 to 1856 filled with credit the office of district judge; two terms in the legislature, during the years 1848 and 1874, brought to the judge a state reputation, and in 1876, having been temporarily appointed judge of the Supreme Court of Iowa, he was elected to that position by the votes of the people in the fall of the same year; he still holds that high place of honor. February, 1849, Mr. Seevers married Miss Caroline M. Lee; their children are Mrs. Jennie Briggs, Mrs. Carrie Fletcher, Harry W., Grace, Nellie and Wm. H; death plucked one blossom, a daughter, Alice. Judge Seevers is a standard man; it were well for our nation had she more such on the bench; reliable, true as steel, himself a close reasoner, Judge Seevers, early in his judicial career, became a favorite of the bar, and the terror of "shysters," a class whose friendship is easily spared.

SETZER, D. H.,Oskaloosa City Flouring Mills; born in Shenandoah county, Virginia, September 21, 1833; when between two and three years of age, he removed with his parents to Licking county, Ohio; he learned his business in that state, and lived there about twenty years; came to Iowa, in 1857, and located in this county; engaged in the milling business, and has been engaged in it since then, twenty-one years, and longer than anyone here in the same business. He married Miss Ann E. Colwell, from Licking county, Ohio, in February, 1860; they have three children, Martin V., Emily M. and David J.; and they have lost two children. 

SEXTON, W. J., attorney at law, New Sharon; born in Sangamon county, Ill., April 10, 1848; came to this county in 1854; he married Miss Carrrie E. Weist, in 1873; she was born in Ohio; has three children, Florence, Bertice, and Baby. He enlisted in the 9th Iowa cavalry in the late war, and served two and a half years.

SHANGLE, A. L., farmer, Sec. 19; P.O. Flint; born in Morris county, N.J., in 1831; came to this county in 1854; lived in Ohio nine years previous to his coming to this State; owns 80 acres of land; he has held the offices of justice of the peace, assessor, school director, and secretary of the school board; he married Miss Mary W. Tuttle in 1859; she was born in Morris county, N.J.; has three children, Mark H., Lewis T., and Frederick M.

SHANNON, JOHN A., dealer in dry goods and groceries, Oskaloosa; born in Warren county, New Jersey, November 25, 1839; when sixteen years of age, he came with his parents to Iowa, in September, 1856, and located in Mahaska county, at New Sharon, and engaged in farming; went in the army; enlisted August, 1862, in the 33d Regiment Iowa Infantry, Co. D; was in the siege of Mobile, and Red River expedition, and others; was in the service three years. After the war he was in the engineering department of the Central Railroad of Iowa, for five years, and engaged in his present business in 1872. He is a member of the city council. He married Miss Katie C. White, from Chillicothe, Ohio, February 14, 1871.

SHAW, Mrs, HIGHTLY, Sec. 32; P. O. Beacon; born in Maryland in 1814, and was brought up and lived there until she was married to Joseph Shaw, June 30, 1839; he was born in Maryland in 1818; they came to Iowa in 1840, located in Washington county until the treaty was made with the Indians; he came to this county and selected land and made a claim, and then went after his family and brought them here and engaged in farming; they were among the early settlers. He died Jan., 1860, leaving an estate of 360 acres. They had ten children: Sidney O., Harriet A., Columbus, Americus, Augustus A., Lawson I., Naomi C., Susan S., Esther J., and Joseph; they lost one son in infancy. Mrs. Shaw owns a farm of 107 acres, which is carried on by her son Joseph.

SHAW, SOLOMON, farmer, Sec. 10; P. O. Fremont; was born in Perry county, Pennsylvania, March 6, 1809, but was raised in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania; came to Iowa in 1856, and located where he now resides, in 1857; owns 256 acres of land; he married Miss Susan Strome, of Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, in 1831; she died in 1835; married again to Mary Zigler, of Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, February 20, 1837; has two sons by first marriage, David and George; four sons and two daughters by second marriage: John, William, Levi, Solomon, Elizabeth, Susanna.

SHAW, THOMPSON, farmer, Sec. 5; P.O. Granville; born in Maryland October 9, 1827; he removed to West Virginia where he remained several years, coming to this county in 1865; owns 360 acres of land; he married Miss Louisa Fazenbaker November 20, 1851; has four children, three sons and one daughter.

SHAW, WILLIAM H., firm of Shaw & Loring, grocery and provision dealers, Oskaloosa; born in Mifflin county, Pennsylvania, October 2, 1840; when eight years of age, removed to Ohio and lived there nine years, and came with his parents to Iowa, in 1858, and located in this county, near Fremont, on a farm; he was also engaged in teaching. He was in the army; enlisted August 12, 1862, in the 33d Regiment Iowa Infantry, Co. K; was orderly sergeant of the company; was in the battle of Helena, siege of Spanish Fort, and others, and in many skirmishes and raids; was discharged August 8, 1865. After his return from the service, he engaged in teaching, and afterward engaged in business, and has continued for the past twelve years. He married Miss S. M. McWilliams, from Ohio, October 25, 1868; they have two children, Ella C. and Ernest H.

SHAW, WM., farmer, Sec. 6; P. O. Mauch Chunch; owns 80 acres of land, valued at $35 per acre; born in Licking county, Ohio, in 1842; came to Iowa in 1857, and married Celesta J. Elsworth in 1866; she was born in Monroe county, Ohio, in 1846; have five children, Anna B., Kate, Willie, Maud, Jessie B., Harley H.; he enlisted in company C, 40th Infantry in 1864, and discharged in 1865. Democrat.

SHEAK, J. H., firm Sheak & Shirra, elevator, buying and shipping grain, Oskaloosa; born in Duchess county, New York, and at an early age removed to Binghampton, where he was brought up; he was engaged in business for some years in New York City and Philadelphia; came to Oskaloosa in 1873, and engaged in grain and elevator business; they ship grain to Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Louis and eastern markets; he married Miss Lizzie Martin, from Pennsylvania, in September, 1867; they have had one son, David W., who died in infancy.

SHEESLEY, GEORGE, farmer, Sec. 8; P. O. Peoria; born in Fairfield county, Ohio, in 1827; came to this county in 1854; owns 340 acres of land; has held offices of school director and assessor; he married Miss Eliza Peffers, in 1850; she was born in Licking Co., Ohio; has 9 children, David E., George P., Mary R., William M., John S., Phebe A., Martha E., Eddie A. and Joseph L.

SHELEY, WM., farmer, Sec. 27; P. O. Oskaloosa; owns 120 acres of land, valued at $40 per acre; born in Greene county, Ohio, in 1825; came to Iowa in 1848; married Elizabeth Wadkins, in 1848; she was born in Ohio, in 1827; have two children: Mary, born in 1862, and Janie, born in 1868. Republican.

STEPHEN B. SHELLEDAY. Among those of the "illustrious dead" of Mahaska county we can scarcely sketch a more prominent career than that connected with the name of Stephen B. Shelleday. He came to the state in 1843, spent the first winter in Henry county, and the next year moved to Mahaska. With Van B. Delashmutt, he represented Washington, Keokuk and Mahaska counties in the first constitutional convention, which convened at Iowa City, October 7, 1844. He was elected from these counties to the House of Representatives of the Seventh Territorial Assembly, met May 5, 1845, at Iowa City, and was re-elected to the Eighth Assembly, May 4, 1866. He served as a delegate from Mahaska county to the second constitutional convention, at the same place. In 1849, during President Taylor's administration, he was appointed U.S. Marshal for Iowa, which position he held for several years. He moved to Jasper county in 1849, and later served two terms in the Legislature, and was the first Speaker of the House after the capital was removed to Des Moines. During the war he served about two years in the greybeard regiment, being promoted from the ranks to first lieutenant, Company C. He was found dead in the field on his farm in Jasper county, December 17, 1870, of heart disease, being nearly seventy years of age.

SHIELDS, C. B., farmer and merchant, Sec. 16; P. O. Peoria; born in Washington Co., Pa., in 1834; came to this Co., in 1868; previous to his removal here, lived 21 years in Champaign county, Ohio; owns 160 acres of land; he is also engaged as a dealer in general merchandize, at Peoria; has served as township clerk and township trustee; he married Miss Susan Engle, in 1857; she was born in Champaign county, Ohio; has 3 children, Eva M., Della G. and George E.

SHIELDS, C. C., farmer, Sec. 21; P. O. Peoria; born in Adams Co., Pa., in 1812; in 1842, he removed to Ohio, where he remained until his removal to this county, September 30, 1868; owns 97 1/2 acres of land; he married Susan Meyers, in 1860; she was born in Pennsylvania, has two children, Mary E. and Julia A.

SHIPLEY, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 26; P. O. Oskaloosa; born in West Tennessee in 1812; came to this county in 1850, previous to his removal to this county, he lived 16 years in Indiana; owns 91 acres of land; he married Ann Tungit in 1839; she was born in Virginia; have six children, Talbert, Andrew L., Archibald G., Howard, Elanor J., Caroline.

SHIPLEY, WM., farmer, Sec. 15; P. O. Oskaloosa; owns 120 acres of land, valued at $35 per acre; born in England, in 1832; came to America in 1855, and to Iowa in 1866; married Catharine Myers, in 1859; she was born in Fulton county, Ills., in 1843; have seven children: Margaret, Ann, Rose Plymouth, John Henry, Elizabeth, William Mark, George Jackson. Mr. S. enlisted in Co. B. 7th Ills. Inf., in 1864, and was discharged in 1865.

SHOEMAKE, I. G., farmer, Sec. 30; P. O. Oskaloosa; owns 250 acres of land, valued at $30 per acre; born in Indiana, in 1839; came to Iowa in 1841, and to this county in 1843; married Ann Williams, in 1864; she was born in Indiana, in 1846; they have five children: Maggie, Bertha, Rupert, Charles, and Hattie. Mr. S. enlisted in Co. H, 8th Iowa Inf., in 1861, and was discharged in 1865; was in all the battles that regiment participated in.

SHOEMAKE, P., farmer, Sec. 27; P.O. New Sharon; born in this State in 1843; owns 160 acres of land; he married Catherine Ames in 1870; she was born in New Hampshire; they have three children, Bertie, Ida, and William.

SHOEMAKE, WESLEY, farmer, Sec. 27; P. O. Oskaloosa; owns 260 acres of land, valued at $40 per acre; born in Henry county, Iowa, in 1841; came to Mahaska county in 1843; married Elizabeth Coffin, in 1861; she was born in Indiana, in 1843; have one child, Frank, born in 1862.

SHRIVER, L. P., firm Whitaker & Shriver; born in Columbiana Co., Ohio, in 1832, and lived there until 1850, when he came with his parents by wagon to Iowa; they were twenty-eight days on the way, and only crossed one railroad track during the entire journey; they came to this county April 1, 1851, and located in Harrison township; they were early settlers, only few being there at that time; he engaged in farming and stock raising, and continued it for many years; engaged in his present business in 1877; he has held office of township clerk, and served on the board of supervisors for three years.

SIMMS, JOHN A., farmer, Sec. 17; P. O. Muchakinock; owns 160 acres of land; born in West Morland county, Virginia, September 21, 1812; emigrated to St. Charles county, Missouri, when 19 years of age; he lived there two years, and removed to Adams county Ill.; he lived there until the spring of 1846, and removed to Mahaska county, where he now resides. He has been married twice: his first wife was Nancy Crow, a native of St. Charles county, Mo. They were married in June, 1832; she died in July, 1855. He married again in September, 1856, to Mary Warner, a native of Maryland; has three children by first wife: Ann (now Mrs. William Hopper), Lina (now Mrs. Charles Kenfield), and George. Has seven children by his second marriage: Albert, Ella, Eliza, John, Joseph, Edward, and Henry.

SIPES, JAMES L., farmer, Sec. 26; P. O. Eddyville; owns 250 acres of land, valued at $30 per acre; born in Schuyler county, Missouri, in 1840; came to Iowa in 1847, and located in Wapello county; removed to this county in 1867; married Octava J. Barnett, in 1871; she was born in Ohio in 1839; has three children, Ida A., Lillie A. and Christena. Democrat.

SMITH, C. H., farmer, Sec. 5; P. O. Oskaloosa; owns 320 acres of land, valued at $30 per acre; was born in Vermont, in 1818, and came to Iowa in 1855; married Margaret Rector, in 1846; she was born in Ohio, in 1827; they have seven children, Margaret H., Jerome B., Edward R., Percey T., Josephine H., and Chauncey H, Jr.; are members of M. E. church.

SMITH, FRANK E., of the firm of Smith, McBride & Co., proprietors of Stone Ridge Mill; was born in Morrow county, Ohio, in 1850; came to Iowa in 1865, and located in Iowa City; removed to Oskaloosa in 1868, and married Mira Nye in 1876; she was born in Wisconsin in 1857; have one child, Lena F. Republican.

SMITH, HUGH, farmer and proprietor of Smith's coal banks, Sec. 9; P. O. New Sharon; born in Scotland in 1822; came to the United States in 1851, and lived six years in Maryland, and then removed to Jackson county, Wisconsin, coming to this county in 1864; owns 72 acres of land; he has held offices of township trustee and school director; he married Miss Margaret Moffatt in 1848; she was born in Scotland; they have twelve children, Jeanett, Mary, Isabell, John, Margaret, Robert, William, Hugh, James, Lizzie, Albert, and Flora.

SMITH, J. H., farmer and stock dealer, Sec. 21, P. O. Leighton; farm 460 acres; was born in Elces, France, in 1826; his parents came to the United States when the subject of this sketch was but two years of age, and located in Canton, Ohio, where they lived until 1837, when they moved to Elkhart county, Indiana; he remained there until 1849; October 5, 1848, he married Miss Polly S. Bennett, who was born in Stark county, Ohio; in 1849 Mr. Smith left Indiana for this county, his worldly possessions consisting at that time of $54 in cash, one team of horses, an old wagon and a few household goods; by hard work and economy to-day he has one of the finest residences and the best farm in the county, and is quite extensively engaged in the stock business; they have three sons and three daughters: Eleanor J., Ephraim, Ira, Izora, George W. and Florence E.

SMITH, J. H., farmer and stock dealer, Sec. 21, P. O. Leighton; farm 460 acres; was born in Elces, France, in 1826; his parents came to the United States when the subject of this sketch was but two years of age, and located in Canton, Ohio, where they lived until 1837, when they moved to Elkhart county, Indiana; he remained there until 1849; October 5, 1848, he married Miss Polly S. Bennett, who was born in Stark county, Ohio; in 1849 Mr. Smith left Indiana for this county, his worldly possessions consisting at that time of $54 in cash, one team of horses, an old wagon and a few household goods; by hard work and economy to-day he has one of the finest residences and the best farm in the county, and is quite extensively engaged in the stock business; they have three sons and three daughters: Eleanor J., Ephraim, Ira, Izora, George W. and Florence E.

SMITH, N. J., firm N. J. Smith & Co., dealers in hardware, Oskaloosa; born in Erie county, Pennsylvania, December 23, 1814, and at an early age removed to Ashtabula county, Ohio; he married Miss Sarah A. Crandell, from Essex county, New York, March 4, 1834; they came to Morgan county, Illinois, in 1837, and in 1840 they came to Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, and lived there five years; he was here in 1843, when there was not a house here completed - they were building a log grocery; in 1845 he came here to locate, but it was so wild and unsettled that he gave it up, and, with his family, went to Michigan; in 1853 they again came here, and located in Oskaloosa, and he engaged as clerk in a store; he has been connected with mercantile business here for twenty-five years; he has held town and school offices; they have two children, Mrs. Francis J. Carleton, living here, and James Edward, in Colorado; they lost three children in infancy.

SMITH, PRESTON, farmer, Sec. 5; P. O. Rose Hill; owns 143 1/2 acres of land, valued at $35 per acre; born in Kentucky in 1818; came to Iowa in 1854, and settled on his present farm in 1856; he married Mary Goldsborough in 1844; she was born in Kentucky in 1819; they have six children, Amanda, George, Mary, Francis, James, and Adelade; he has been trustee three years; his wife is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Democrat.

SMITH, WILLIAM T., the subject of this sketch is recognized at once as among the foremost citizens, and superior business men of Mahaska county; he is, and has been known in many parts of the State, as one of Oskaloosa's staunchest capitalists; Mr. Smith sprang from the middle ranks of life, whence the majority of successful men can trace their lineage; he was born May 23, 1824, in Fayette county, Pennsylvania, his parents removing thence to Ohio while he was yet a lad, first t Dayton, and thence to Xenia; his parents had been in fair circumstances, but lost heavily in assisting others; during his boyhood young Smith attended the select school of Thomas Steele in Xenia several seasons, working in the summer on a farm or in town; at the age of sixteen he commenced teaching district school, and continued teaching, mostly in winter, and attending school or reading law in summer, until July 31, 1847, when on examination by the Supreme Court of Ohio, at Defiance, he was regularly admitted to practice as attorney and counselor at law in any of the courts of the State of Ohio. On the 18th day of September 1847, with but $35 in his pocket, and light baggage, not supposing he knew a single individual in Iowa, he started for the far western Hawk-eye State to seek his fortune on the frontier; descending the Ohio, thence up the Mississippi to Burlington; he was there on October 18, 1847, admitted to the Iowa bar, on motion of J. C. Hall of that place; Judge Williams was at that time on the Bench of this district; having taught school one winter hear Fairfield, Mr. Smith on his coming into Oskaloosa, brought with him three dollars in money and quite a scanty wardrobe; soon after his arrival, (March 10, 1848), he entered into a law partnership with W. H. Seevers, and as neither of the "young limbs" had law books or money, Mr. Smith went to Burlington and purchased one hundred dollars worth of books from J. Fox Abrams, "on time," after making a plain statement of his financial condition, prospects, etc.; he was forced in the same way to secure credit for his board bill; but brighter days were ahead; at the annual election held in 1848, Mr. Smith having received the almost unanimous nomination of the Democratic county convention, was elected Prosecuting Attorney for the county, which office he held during two years; re-visiting Ohio in the summer of 1849, he married Miss Magdalene Shannon, of Green county, in that State; upon dissolution of partnership with Judge Severs, May 17, 1852, he associated with Judge Loughridge in legal practice; this partnership closed within the first year, and September 1, 1854 he became a member of the firm of Smith & Williams, Mr. M. t. Williams being his partner; these gentlemen, as elsewhere mentioned, opened the first bank in Oskaloosa, March 1, 1855; they continued in partnership until January 1st, 1857, when Mr. Smith became sole proprietor of the bank, under the style of Wm. T. Smith & Co.; from this time, for some ten years, Mr. Smith was foremost in banking interests at the county seat, of which full particulars are given in a previous chapter on "banking in Oskaloosa," where the reader can see more clearly the prominence of Mr. Smith in this business, than could be set forth in a personal sketch. Mr. Smith while an attorney, had acquired quite a reputation in the line of mercantile collections, then a very considerable and profitable business in Iowa; to avoid the throwing away of business of this kind, which frequently offered itself, and which Mr. S. had no time to attend to, he became a beneficiary, but not a working partner in the firm of Smith, Rice & Myers, in 1857; this firm was dissolved April 1, 1859; as president of the school board during several terms, and also as member of the board of directors, Mr. Smith rendered active and valuable service to the cause of public education; many improvements in buildings and methods, were made at this suggestions or with his aid; he was a large subscriber to Oskaloosa College, and in the contest made for securing its location at Oskaloosa by the church controlling it, took an active part, and was the author of the proposition made in the convention securing such location. As a land owner, agriculturist and citizen, Mr. Smith has taken great interest in Mahaska county fairs, having been intimately connected with every association of the kind, from his inception until the present time, more or less, as exhibitor, contributor, stockholder, director and president; he was also a member of the finance committee, on the part of the State Agricultural Society for some years, and by his wise financiering and counsels, contributed to its welfare. The list of city officers in Oskaloosa shows Mr. Smith to have been its first Mayor, elected in 1853; and that he afterward filled that office in 1856, 1857, and again in 1872; these facts are the more complimentary when it is considered that he was a member of the minority party in the city, and evinces alike the gratitude of Oskaloosa citizens for his public work and enterprise, as well as executive force, and his impartial and strict enforcement of the laws. Mr. Smith was president of the "Iowa Insurance Company" during the time of its existence; this company as will be seen elsewhere on these pages, was an institution of excellent record; Mr. Smith's presidency of the Iowa Central road during two years of the most trying time of its construction, and his praiseworthy efforts in carrying forward this enterprise, are given in connection with the history of the Central road in the previous part of this work. Mr. Smith has likewise been interested in every railroad project in Mahaska county, sometimes to his considerable cost, and repaid even by a doubtful gratitude for some of his sacrifices. Though not a politician Mr. Smith was raised, and ever has been, a Democrat, and believes it to be the duty of every citizen to watch and participate in an intelligent way in the political movements of the nation. At the outbreak of the rebellion, Mr. Smith, believing the South should seek redress and assert its rights under the Constitution and in the Union, was among the first at a public meeting held at Union Hall, in Oskaloosa, to announce himself in favor of coercion and was active in all movements in his neighborhood, gotten up on the side of the Union. That Mr. Smith did as much, and perhaps more for his country than any other Mahaskan who remained at home, is evident from Mr. Kirkwood's letter, which we give below. In 1870, Mr. Smith, by a unanimous and unexpected nomination of the Democracy of what was then the fourth district, became an unwilling candidate for United States Representative. This district at that time contained a greater population than any other in the United States, and the battle-field in which Mr. Smith was to contest with his opponenent, Hon. Madison M. Walden, then Lieutenant-Governor of the State, was a wide one in which, in point of members, Mr. Smith's party was ordinarily in a a very considerable minority. By arrangement, the candidates made a joint canvass, speaking inmost of the important places in each of the twelve counties in the district. that being a day in which a man's war record was an important matter, that Mr. Smith's position might be indisputably shown, the following letter was put in circulation:

Ex-Governor Kirkwood's Letter to Hon. Wm. T. Smith, Democratic Candidate for Representative in Congress from Iowa, Fourth Congressional District. Iowa City, August 27, 1870. Wm. T. Smith, Esq., Oskaloosa, Iowa.

Dear Sir:--Your letter of the 25th inst., asking me for a statement relative to your course during the late war between the United States and the so-called Southern Confederacy, so far as the same came under my observation, during my term of office as Governor, has just been received, and I very cheerfully comply with your request. It is well known to some, but may not be known to all the people of our State, that those who were charged with the duty of placing in the field the troops called for from this State, labored under very serious embarrassments during the first few months of the war. There was not any difficulty in raising the men. They came by thousands when hundreds only were called for. The difficulty was in raising money to organize them and put them in the field. The United States could not then furnish the money, and there was not any money in the State Treasury. At the extra session (May, 1861) our State Legislature authorized the issuance and sale of the bonds of the State. At that time three regiments had already been organized without any money from the State, and several weeks must necessarily elapse before the bonds could be prepared and offered by law. In the meantime more troops were called for and more money was needed for their organization. The validity of the bonds of the State was attacked, both in our State and in New York, on the ground that the Legislature had not the power to authorize their issue, thus injuring their credit and of course lessening the chance of their sale.

In this emergency an appeal was made to certain citizens of the State who had or who could control money - amongst others to you. that appeal was promptly responded to by you and by others. You at once took my personal drafts for about five thousand dollars and advanced me the money. You also, at my suggestion, advanced about two thousand dollars to other persons to meet the expense of organizing certain troops, and afterwards took about thirteen thousand dollars of our State bonds at the highest price at which any of them were sold, and when they were wholly unsalable in New York. In short, you was one of a few men through whose liberality and patriotism the State was enabled, in the early part of the war, to achieve for itself at home its reputation of "always ready" which throughout the war it so well maintained at home and in the field, and during my term of office. I believed and acted upon my belief, that you steadily maintained throughout the war the stand you took at its commencement.

You and I belong to different political parties, but I must wholly lose my self-respect before I can, for political or any other consideration, refuse to do justice to one who encouraged and aided me, at a time of public peril, when I so much needed encouragement and aid.

Very respectfully,
S. J. Kirkwood

Notwithstanding the fact that Judge Longhridge had been elected over John P. Irish, two years previously, by a majority of some 7,300, Mr. Walden's majority was reduced to 4,122, as shown from the following extract from official records:

Mr. Smith is now engaged in farming, owning about 1200 acres in Mahaska county. He has given special attention to stock-raising, and his Short- horns, Jersey cattle and other fine stock, are known throughout the State among stock men. His hospitable and pleasant home, in the suburbs of Oskaloosa, known as "Ridge Farm," draws many a visit from business men of different parts of the State and elsewhere, who may frequent Oskaloosa, and find it pleasant to talk over early enterprises in which Mr. Smith had a mutual interest. Mr. Smith and wife have lost five children in early infancy, and have three living, viz: Laura M, wife of Byron V. Seevers, Esq., Omer C. and Lua L., all highly respected for their intelligence, industry and promise of future usefulness. At the time of our present writing, Mr. Smith, in view of selling "Ridge Farm," to a coal company, for mining purposes, proposes to remove to his farm of nine hundred and sixty acres, known as "Highland Farm." in the center of Adams township, and six miles northeast of Oskaloosa, which has the reputation of being one of the very best large farms in the State, where he expects to gratify his taste for fine stock to a greater extent than heretofore, and engage more extensively in general farming. Mr. Smith has a sanguine temperament, is strong in his prejudices, warm in his friendships, a good conversationalist, and a gentleman whom one meets only to wish for a more extended and intimate acquaintance. We are convinced that to him Mahaska county is much indebted; that he deserves his success, his fortune and his friends.

SMITH, WM., farmer, Sec. 12; P. O. Mauch Chunk; born in Dauphin county, Penn., in 1818; came to this county in June, 1852; owns 167 acres of land. He has held offices of school director, township trustee, and justice of the peace; he married Nancy Brinseq, in 1845; she was born in Pennsylvania; has three children: Joseph, K., Samuel H., and Sarah J.

SNICKARD, M. T., farmer and stock raiser, Sec. 15; P.O. New Sharon; born in Jefferson county, Ohio, in 1840; came to this county in April, 1868; owns 330 acres of land; he married Miss Rebecca J. White in 1868; she was born in the same county; they have five children, Elmer R., Cora F., Minnie, Jennie, and Florence.

SPAIN, CALEB, farmer, Sec. 19; P.O. Flint; born in Champagne county, Ohio, in 1825; came to this county October 26, 1856; owns 80 acres of land; he married Miss Esther A. Good in 1852; she was born in Ohio; they have two children, Jesse M., and Emmaetta.

SPENCER, HARRY L., firm of Wright & Spencer, wholesale grocers, Oskaloosa; born at Spencer Station, Guernsey county, Ohio, December 30, 1842; he was brought up and received his education there; during the war he enlisted in the Ninth Ohio Cavalry, Company B, February 9, 1864; was appointed First Sergeant June 8, 1865; was at headquarters, and in the quarter-master's department; was discharged at Lexington, North Carolina, July 20, 1865; after the war he was at Zanesville two years, and came to Oskaloosa in November, 1867, and engaged in business, the firm being Terry & Spencer for one year; then Mr. Wright became connected with the firm; after a short time they bought Mr. Terry's interest; associated with Mr. Wright, they carried on the business until the death of Mr. Wright, in 1875; since then Mr. Spencer has conducted the business; the house does a large and strictly wholesale trade; Mr. Spencer married Miss Mary E. Paine, from Pawtucket, Rhode Island, October 20, 1869; they have two children, Anna E. and Ida Gertrude.

SPROUL, WILLIAM, farmer, Sec. 2; P. O. Union Mills; owns 126 acres of land, valued at $40 per acre; born in in Ireland, in 1814; he came to the United States in 1824, and to Iowa, and settled on present farm in 1858; married Sallie McDonough in 1841; she was born in Ohio, in 1816; have six children: John, William, Adam, James, Rachael, Robert S. Republican.

STAFFORD, DR. ELAM, physician and surgeon, Oskaloosa; born in Wayne county, Indiana, February 1, 1826; he lived there and in Tippecanoe county for seventeen years, and came with his father's family to Iowa by wagon, and arrived here in this county in June, 1843; the principal thing here then was a pole stuck up to designate the spot supposed to be the center of the county; he was one of the earliest settlers here; he sat on a log and wrote tickets on election day; the election was held one mile north of town, in the edge of the timber; he studied medicine, and graduated in Cincinnati in 1852, and began the practice of his profession, and is one of the oldest physicians here; he was connected with the drug trade here for eleven years; married Miss Sarah Stanley, from Illinois, in June, 1852; they have one daughter, Emma F., and have lost one son, Charles W., and one daughter, Katie.

STAFFORD, WILLIAM, farmer, Sec. 4; P. O. Oskaloosa; born in Indiana in 1823; came to this county in 1843; owns 110 acres of land; has served as a member of the school board. He married Eliza Stanley, in 1845; she was born in Ohio, and died in 1853. He married for his second wife, Amanda McClure, who was born in Pennsylvania; has three children by his first marriage: John M., Eliza P., Henry B.; and two by his second marriage: James W. and Bell.e

STANDING, C., farmer, Sec. 26; P. O. Rose Hill, miller; born in England in 1844; married Emily Harding in 1870; she was born in Ingland in 1843; they have two children, Eliza E., and Nellie A. They are members of the Friends' church.

STANLEY, CHARLES, farmer, Sec. 34; P. O. Oskaloosa; owns 170 acres of land, valued at $30 per acre; born on Long Island in 1828; came to Iowa in 1855, and settled on present farm in 1857; married Emily Ballinger in 1857; she was born in Illinois, in 1830; have one con and four daughters: Mary, Martha E., Catharine, Charley B., and Emma; he was Representative from this county two years; he enlisted in company K, 18th Iowa Infantry, in 1862 and was discharged in 1865; he held a commission as captain when he was mustered out.

STANLEY, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 16; P. O. Oskaloosa; born in North Carolina March 29th, 1803; came to this county in 1843; owns 90 acres of land. He has been married three times: 1st, Agnes Stanley; 2d, Mary Chamberlain; third wife was Mary Springer, whose maiden name was Miller; has four children: Edith, Ann, Sarah, and Jesse J.

STARLIN, JOHN, Farmer, Sec. 4; P. O. Oskaloosa; born in Hamilton Co., Ohio, Jan. 26, 1814; came to this county in 1853; owns fifty acres of land. He married Barbary Poe, in 1838; she was born in Ohio; has six children: Peter, Margaret, Mary, Catharine, Susan and John.

STARLIN. M. W., farmer, Sec. 5; P. O. Oskaloosa; born in Hamilton Co., Ohio, Jan., 1822; came to this State September 7th, 1847, and has lived in the same house since that time; owns 116 acres of land. Married Eunice M. Beck, in 1849; she was born in Butler Co., Ohio; has two children: Sarah A., and Carlton.

STEELE, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 14; P. O. Cedar; he was born in Alleghany county Penn., Dec. 31, 1838, lived there 17 years and then came to this county. He married Miss Barbara E. Bradshaw, Sept. 14, 1865; she is a native of Tuscarawas county, Ohio. They have two sons and one daughter: John W., Wm. D., and Mary E; has a farm of 80 acres.

STEIN, N. S., miller, Leighton; was born in Berks county, Pennsylvania, in 1832; he came here in 1869; he married Miss Mary E. Trough, of Pennsylvania, June 17, 1869; she died June 17, 1873; he married again, to Carrie E. Bell, of Missouri, December 15, 1875; he has one son: Ralph.

STEPHENSON, WM. A., farmer, Sec. 9; P. O. Oskaloosa; owns 80 acres of land; is nicely located; has good buildings, surrounded with nice groves; was born in Armstrong county, Penn., in 1841; came to this county in 1853; he was married in November, 1868, to Maggie A. Ratliff, daughter of Thomas Ratliff; she was born in Harrison township, this county, in 1848.

STEVENS, JOSHUA, farmer, Sec. 9; P. O. Oskaloosa; born in Guernsey Co., Ohio, in October, 1821, and was brought up there. Married Miss Sarah Thomas, from Pennsylvania, in 1843; they lived there until coming to Iowa, locating in this county, in April, 1865; engaged in farming and stock raising; owns a farm of 160 acres. They have five children: Hezekiah W., Abagail Matilda, James M., Almer T., Sarah B.; lost two children, Daniel and Ruhami. Daniel was in the army; en-enlisted in the 98th Reg. Ohio Inf., and died at Nashville.

BROWN & STEWARD, of the firm of Brown, Steward & Ewing, Rose Hill. W. W. Steward was born in Washington Co., Ohio, in 1857, and came to Iowa in 1873. C. Brown, physician and surgeon, was born in Know Co., Ohio, in 1850; came to Iowa in 1870. The business of Brown, Steward & Ewing was established in 1878.

STEWART, JESSE, farmer, Sec. 18; P. O. White Oak; owns 200 acres of land, valued at $25 per acre; born in Carroll county, Ohio, in 1824; came to Iowa in 1855, and settled in this county; removed to his present farm in 1867. He married Ruth Miller in 1845; she was born in Carroll county, Ohio, in 1824; they have ten children, four sons and six daughters, Sarah, Jane, Nancy, Ruth, Delila, Elva, David A., John J., Thos. O., and William; he has been justice of the peace six years. Democrat.

STEWART, LEVI, farmer, Sec. 3; P.O. New Sharon; born in Westmoreland county, Pa., in 1828; he came to this county in 1847; he owns 160 acres of land; has held the office of town trustee; he married Miss Clara E. Stanley in 1847; she was born in Virginia.

STEWART, WILLIAM, farmer, Sec. 34; P. O. Oskaloosa; owns 167 acres of land, valued at $25 per acre; born in Johnson county, Indiana, in 1838; came to Iowa in 1846, and located in this county; married Prudence J. Ruby in 1860; she was born in Ripley county, Indiana, in 1841; have ten children: Harriett, William, John, Albret, Alfred, Etta, James, David, harry and one infant; Mr. Stewart has been county supervisor five years, and has held different township offices: clerk, assessor, trustee, etc. Republican.

STOCKWELL, W. W., of the firm of Stockwell & Son, dealers in clothing and furnishing goods; was born in Licking Co., Ohio, in 1850; married E. E. Fredrick in 1872; have two children, John C. and James E. Republican.

STOKER, JACOB, farmer, Sec. 30; P. O. Oskaloosa; born in Montgomery Co., Ohio, May 18, 1811, and was brought up there, and came to Iowa in 1844, and came to Mahaska county in May, 1845, and bought a claim where he now lives, and on the 4th of July, 1846, he entered 80 acres of his farm from government; he was one of the early settlers; engaged in farming and stock raising, and now owns 244 acres land. Married to Miss Sarah F. Stannus, July 12, 1846; She was from Guernsey Co., Ohio, and came in 1846, and was engaged in teaching school here. There are only a few here now that were here when they came. They have six children: Jennie, (now Mrs. Martin) J. M., Wm. J., James F., Carrie and Addie, twins.

STOUT, G. W., proprietor Union House, Rose Hill; born in Clark county, Ohio, in 1834; came to Iowa in 1855, and settled in this county; engaged in his present business in 1873; he married Mary Moore in 1853; she was born Licking county, Ohio, in 1834; they have seven children, Matilda Jennie, William F., Margaret, Alice, Charles, G. W. and Edward. Republican.

STOUT, JAMES, dealer in general merchandise, Rose Hill; born in Clark county, Ohio, in 1831; came to Iowa in 1852, and settled in this county; removed to Rose Hill in April, 1878; he married Mary J. Gray, in 1853; she was born in 1836; they have eight children, Lorenzo, Luella, Charlie, Susan, Anna, Jennie, Ermie, and Brown. Democrat.

STRAIN, NANCY, farmer, Sec. 23; P. O. Leighton; widow of Thomas Strain, who was born in Abbyville county, South Carolina, August 20, 1803; he came to Polk county, Iowa, in 1850, and to this county in 1863, and located where they now live; Mrs. Smith, whose maiden name was Winingar, was born in Rockbridge county, Virginia, March 11, 1817; they were married May 9, 1839; he died February 21, 1877, leaving a family of five sons and five daughters: Ellen J., John A., Alvira A., David W., Mary E., Thomas W., Pichard P., Sarah R., Emma D. and Albert R; farm contains 170 acres.

STREET, WM. B., retired, Oskaloosa; born in Shawneetown, Ill., July 12, 1819; his father was Gen. J. M. Street, the humane and Christian Indian agent; he studied law with Henry Clay, and afterward practiced law with Andrew Jackson; he was appointed Indian agent by President Adams, in 1827, and was twice appointed by Andrew Jackson, and also by Martin Van Buren, and after his death President Van Buren, on account of his services and great usefulness to the government, offered to appoint as his successor either of his sons whom his widow might select. General Street married a daughter of Major General Thomas Posey, of Revolutionary fame; he was with Morgan's Rifleman under "Mad Anthony Wayne"; he was the second man in scaling the fort in the capture of Stony Point. The subject of this sketch, when eight years of age removed to Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, in 1828, and came to Iowa in 1834, and was constantly among the Indians until 1843, much of the time at or near what is now known as Agency City; his father being Indian agent under the Sac and Fox tribes, he remained there until the treaty was made with the Indians; there is perhaps no person in the State of Iowa who has so intimate and correct a knowledge of Indian affairs as Mr. Street; he came to Oskaloosa in 1844; one of the earliest settlers, he built the first frame store building within the city limits, and engaged in the mercantile business, buying his goods in St. Louis, and hauling them from Keokuk, and taking ten days to make the trip; he continued in business until 1857; he has held town and city offices; he married Miss P. M. Cobb, daughter of William Cobb, of Rutland, Vermont, in July, 1854; she was great-grand-daughter of Samuel Allen, brother of General Ethan Allen, of Revolutionary fame. Mr. and Mrs. Street have one daughter, Miss Ida Maria, who is now attending Vassar College, and graduates in the class of 1879.

STRINGFELLOW, JAS. H., farmer, Sec. 21; P. O. Mauch Chunk; owns 130 acres of land, valued at $50 per acre; born in Kentucky in 1834, and came to Iowa in 1857; married Nancy Duckworth in 1854; she was born in Shelby county Indiana, in 1840; have four children, Robert, Eliza, Cary, Samuel. Democrat.

STRINGFELLOW, J. J., farmer, Sec. 31; P. O. Rose Hill; owns 160 acres of land, valued at $30 per acre; born in Owen county, Kentucky, in 1845, and came to Iowa in 1850; married Mary Wymore in 1865; she was born in Iowa in 1851; have four children, Willie A., Franklin, Elma, Chas. Democrat.

STRINGFELLOW, J. W., farmer, Sec. 13; P. O. Oskaloosa; owns 160 acres of land, valued at $35 per acre; born in Kentucky in 1849; came to Iowa in 1851, and settled with his parents on his present farm; married Jennie Norwood, in 1875; she was born in Kentucky, in 1852. Democrat.

STUMPS, PETER, dealer in groceries and provisions, Oskaloosa; born in Prussia, February 10, 1827, and was brought up there; served in the Prussian army, and was discharged in September, 1853, and emigrated to America in 1854; he came to Iowa in 1855, and located in Oskaloosa, and did not have a dollar, and could not speak a word of English; he engaged in the mercantile business in 1864, and has continued it since then; he married Mary Steffens, from Prussia, in November, 1855; they have two children, Mary, born September 7, 1856, Joseph, born September 14, 1858; they lost one son, Peter.

SUMMERS, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 17; P. O. Mauck Chunk; owns 200 acres of land, valued at $35 per acre; born in Scott county, Virginia, in 1817; came to Iowa in 1849, and married Nancy Myers, who was born in North Carolina in 1820; they have eight children, Joseph M., Mary J., John C., Frank P., Isaac W., Welthy Ann, Elijah O., Lemuel. Democrat.

SUMMERS, JOSEPH M., farmer, Sec. 18; P. O. Mauck Chunk; owns 80 acres of land, valued at $30 per acre; born in Indiana in 1841; married Margaret McMains in 1860; she was born in Missouri in 1842; they have seven children, Lizzie, Mary, John, Orie, Henry, Clyde and Clara. Democrat.

SWEARINGEN, LEMUEL A., meat market, Oskaloosa; born in this county, one and one-half miles west of Oskaloosa, July 8, 1845, and was brought up here, and has lived in this county 33 years, except two years he spent in California; his parents were among the earliest settlers in the county, and are now living here; for the past five years he has been engaged in his present business; he married Miss Lizzie Holt, from Pennsylvania, May 10, 1873; they have two children, Cora and Fred.