1860

The 1860 federal census

The nation was on the brink of civil war when the 1860 census was conducted and it is sobering to think of those young men in their late teens and early twenties who would not survive the next few years.

The 1850 and 1860 census questions were the same except for the addition of a query about personal wealth in 1860. The answer to that question should not be taken as necessarily accurate because many probably feared being taxed on the value they stated so kept the figure low. Still, the real and personal estate figures listed below can help gain a feel for the relative wealth of individuals and the Newry community as a whole.

The 1850 census for Newry is available on National Archives federal census returns series M653, Roll 444, Page 929.

Notes:

Obscured or illegible letters and words in the census returns are denoted by "?" symbols.
"Sic" means "Thus" or "I know it is probably wrong but that's what it looks like on the original form".
Numbering of pages below continues from the 1860 Riley Plantation, Oxford County, Maine returns.
Columns for a page are only shown if there are notations for that column on that page of the original returns. No notations are made on any page for the column labeled as "color", for example. So the "color" column is not shown on any page of the transcription below.
"Farmer La" in the "Profession" column stands for "Farmer Laborer".
An age of less than one year is denoted by a fraction in the age column, thus "7/12" indicates a seven-month old child.

Explanation of column numbers on the returns shown below: (Description of 1860 columns as shown on original forms)

Unnumbered		The first, unnumbered, column shows the line number on the original return.
1		Dwelling houses - numbered in the order of visitation
2		Families numbered in the order of visitation
3		The name of every person whose usual place of abode on the first day of June, 1860 was in this family
4	Description	Age
5		Sex
6		Color (White, black, or mulatto)
7		Profession, Occupation or Trade of each person, male and female, over 15 years of age.
8	Value of Estate	Value of Real Estate
9	Value of Estate	Value of Personal Estate
10		Place of Birth, Naming the State, Territory or Country.
11		Married within the year.
12		Attended School within the year.
13		Persons over 20 years of age who cannot read and write.
14		Whether deaf and dumb, blind, insane, idiotic, pauper, or convict.
15		Remarks

Page No. 3, Schedule 1. - Free Inhabitants in Newry in the County of Oxford State of Maine enumerated by me, on the 2d day of June 1860. B. B. Willis Ass't. Marshal. Post Office Newry.

See table above for explanation of column numbers

	1	2	3	4	5	7	8	9	10	12
1	12	9	Joseph R. Littlehale	55	M	Farmer	150	100	Maine
2			Lorara "	40	F				"
3			Andrew N. "	18	M				"
4			Sarah "	16	F				"
5			Lucy "	15	F				"	1
6			George F. "	14	M				"	1
7			Leander "	11	M				"	1
8			Martha	9	F				"	1
9			Silas "	8	M				"	1
10			Joseph	5	M				"	1
11		10	Jonathan Leavett	66	M	Farm La			"
12			Mary "	62	F				"
13			Leonard "	28	M				"
14			Sarah J. "	26	F				"
15	13	11	L. F. Eames	34	M	Farmer	1000	300	Maine
16			Martha	29	F				"
17			Lewis "	6	M				"	1
18			Lurina "	4	F				"
19			Charles "	3	M				"
20			Carra A. "	11/12	F				"
21			Mary Eames	66	F				"
22	14	12	Andrew N. Stow Jr.	51	M	Farmer	1600	600	Maine
23			Polly "	46	F				"
24			Roxanna "	21	F	Teacher			"
25			Mary "	10	F				"	1
26			Leroy "	5	M				"
27	15	13	Melvin Stow	45	M	Farmer	1200	300	Maine
28			Francina "	35	F
29			Lidona "	15	F					1
30			Terza(?) "	10	F					1
31			Fortuna	6	F					1
32		14	Andrew N. Stow	80	M				Mass.
33			Olive "	73	F				Maine
34	16	15	Asa Foster	68	M	Farmer			Maine
35			Bulah	62	F				"
36			Stephen B. Foster	29	M	Farmer	1500	500	"
37			P. Stearnes	21	M	Farm La			"	1
38	17	16	Elhanon B. Foster	37	M	Farmer	1300	400	Maine
39			Mehitable "	40	F				"
40			Florilba(?)	10	F				"	1
*No. white males 19* *No. white females 21* *Value real estate $ 6,750* *Value personal estate $2,200*

Page No. 4, Schedule 1. - Free Inhabitants in Newry in the County of Oxford State of Maine enumerated by me, on the 2d day of June 1860. B. B. Willis Ass't. Marshal. Post Office Newry.

See table above for explanation of column numbers

	1	2	3	4	5	7	8	9	10	12
1			Edmun H. "	9	M				Maine	1
2			Lafayette "	5	M				"	1
3			Galon "	2	M				"
4			Caleb Coburn	17	M				"
5	18	17	Alexa Eames	58	M	Farmer	1000	200	N.H.
6			Maranda "	55	F				Maine
7			Maranda H. "	35	F	Teacher			"
8			Perris(?) F. "	24	F	"			"
9			Elin "	18	F				"	1
10			Edwin H. "	16	M				"	1
11			Collis F. "	13	M				"	1
12	19	18	Jefferson Foster	35	M	Farmer	1500	200	Maine
13			Nancy "	29	F				"
14			Ada G. "	5	F				"	1
15			Hatta L. "	3	F				"
16			A. Bennett	20	M	Farm La			"
17	20	19	Elisha Bartlett	63	M	Farmer	2000	700	Maine
18			Sarah "	66	F				"
19			John "	41(?)	M				"
20			Noeamah(?) "	27	F				"
21			Elisha Jr. "	25	M				"
22			Mary Magill	12	F				"	1
23			Oring G. Gladden	10	M				"	1
24		20	N.W. Frost	27	M	Laborer	300	100	"
25			Sarah "	22	F				"
26	21	21	John P. Bennett	32	M	Farmer	300	100	Maine
27			Lovina "	30	F				"
28			Niola	4	F				"
29			Not named "	6/12	F				"
30	22	22	Joel Foster, Jr.	38	M	Farmer		1000	Maine
31			Emerline "	26	F				"
32			Albert F. "	4	M				"
33			Flora "	1	F				"
34	23	23	Joel Foster	69	M	Farmer	2000	300	Maine
35			Marcia T. "	66	F
36			Silar P.	34	M				"
37			Mary G. Farnenn(?)	15	F					1
38
39
40
*No. white males 19* *No. white females 18* *Total real estate value $ 7,100* *Total personal estate value $2,600*

Page No. 5, Schedule 1. - Free Inhabitants in Newry in the County of Oxford State of Maine enumerated by me, on the 2d day of June 1860. B. B. Willis Ass't. Marshal. Post Office Newry.

See table above for explanation of column numbers

	1	2	3	4	5	7	8	9	10	12
1	24	24	Joshua Littlehale	56	M	Farmer	1000	300	Maine
2			Anna "	53	F				"
3			Isac "	29	M				"
4			Joshua "	23	M				"
5			Julia "	21	F
6			Samuel "	19	M				"	1
7			Orin	16	M				"	1
8			Oscar "	13	M				"	1
9			Cora Blake	10	F				"	1
10	25	25	Alexa E. Barker	39	M	Farmer	800	200	Maine
11			Cyntha "	31	F				"
12			Edgar "	7	M				"	1
13			Frank W. "	6	M				"	1
14			Elinora "	4	F				"
15	26	26	David Williamson	38	M	Farmer	1000	200	Ireland
16			Margaret "	32	F				"
17			Ann M. "	9	F				Maine
18			Susan J. "	7	F				"
19			John C.	5	M				"
20			William "	3	M				"
21			Elin	5/12	F				"
22	27	27	Joseph Jackson	75	M	Farmer	2000	100	Maine
23			Polly "	63	F				"
24			Andrew	28	M				"
25			Frances (A?) Evans	8	F				"	1
26			Frank Leavett	26	M				"
27	28		Unoccupied						"
28	29	28	Fredric Bennett	58	M	Farmer	1100	250	Maine
29			Polly "	52	F				"
30			Peter "	24	M				"
31			Ad(??) "	20	M				"
32			Mary "	18	F				"
33			Thos. G. "	15	M				"	1
34			Endora "	13	F				"	1
35			Lucelia	10	F					1
36	30	29	(J?)urtus J. Kendall	46	M	Farmer	2000	300	Maine
37			Murcia A. "	39	F				"
38			M Elis	19	F				"	1
39			Ella F	15	F				"	1
40			Alna C.	14	F					1
No. white males 20 No. white females 19 Value of real estate $ 7,900 Value of personal estate $ 1,350

Page No. 6, Schedule 1. - Free Inhabitants in Newry in the County of Oxford State of Maine enumerated by me, on the 2d day of June 1860. B. B. Willis Ass't. Marshal. Post Office Newry.

See table above for explanation of column numbers

	1	2	3	4	5	7	8	9	10	12
1			Georgeanna M. "	11	F				Maine	1
2			Frank F. "	8	M				"	1
3			Herbert "	6	M				"	1
4			Lesly J.	5	M				"	1
5			Ana "	2	F				"
6			Not named	4/12	F
7	31	30	C. F. Foster	30	M	Farmer	750	250	Maine
8			Prucilla P. "	24	F				"
9			Celden "	6	M				"	1
10	32	31	J. S. Barker	69	M	Farmer	1000	300	Maine
11			Rebecka Bean	59	F				"
12			George Black	13	M				"	1
13	33	32	Wm. Williamson	70	M	Farmer	1200	300	Ireland
14			Eliza "	64	F				"
15			Margret "	26	F				"
16			William H. "	19	M				Maine
17			Mariah	16	F				"	1
18			Richard M. "	13	M				"	1
19			Thos S. "	11	M				"	1
20			George C. "	8	M				"	1
21			Albert	5	M				"	1
22	34	33	Aaron Smith	62	M	Farmer	2500	400	Maine
23			Sarah "	50	F				"
24			Al(??)a	12	M				"	1
25			Josefihene L. "	9	F				"	1
26		34	George Rowe	37	M	Farm La			Maine
27			Betsy E. "	36	F				"
28			Georgeanna "	10	F				"	1
29			Henrietta "	9	F				"	1
30			Wallis "	7	M				"	1
31			(??????) "	6/12	F				"
32	35	35	Edward Riley	53	M	Farmer	1800	400	Maine
33			Martha "	59	F				"
34			Martha G.	23	F				"	1
35			Sarah H. "	19	F	Dress (???)			"	1
36			Hannah E.	16	F				"	1
37			Freman Gliddon	21	M	Farm La			"
38	36	36	E. Burbank	44	M	Farmer	1500	300	N. H.
39			Hannah W. "	42	F				Maine
40			Isac P. "	18	M				"	1
*No. white males 21* *No. white females 19* *No. foreign born 3* *Total value real estate $ 8,750* *Total value personal estate $ 1,950*

Page No. 7, Schedule 1. - Free Inhabitants in Newry in the County of Oxford State of Maine enumerated by me, on the 5th day of June 1860. B. B. Willis Ass't. Marshal. Post Office Newry.

See table above for explanation of column numbers

	1	2	3	4	5	7	8	9	10	12
1			Timothy W. "	13	M				Maine	1
2			Mary E. "	9	F				"	1
3			John A. "	4	M				"	1
4		37	Daniel Holden	48	M	Pedler		400	Maine
5			Eliza "	48	F				"
6			Martha "	12	F				"	1
7	37	38	Oniel R. Hastings	37	M	Farmer and Drovier (sic)	2500	1000	Maine
8			Maryann "	38	F				"
9			(Henry?) S. "	13	M				"	1
10			Sarah Stevens	20	F	Teacher			"	1
11	38	39	B. S. Sawyer	27	M	Trader		1000	Maine
12			Sarah "	26	F				"
13			Fred W. "	6	M				"	1
14			Cate "	4	F				"	1
15			Frank	2	M				"
16	39	40	S. F. Stearnes	28	M	Farmer	800	150	Maine
17			Hannah E. "	22	F				"
18			Flora "	6	F				"	1
19			Georgia A. "	4	F				"	1
20			(L?)anet "	10/12	F				"
21			Jefferson Be(??i?)	58	M	Farm La			"
22	40	41	Lawson C. Smith	39	M	Farmer	1300	700	Maine
23			Agnes "	38	F				"
24			Mary E. "	10	F				"	1
25			Francen E. "	8	F				"	1
26			Henrietta "	9/12	F				"
27			Wm McCann	15	M	Farm La			"	1
28	41	42	Freman F. Gordnough	25	M	Farmer	700	400	Maine
29			Laurinda "	57	F				"
30			Jason	18	M				"	1
31			Lafayette	16	M				"	1
32	42	43	Augustin Powers	26	M	Farmer	400	100	Maine
33			Matilda M. "	25	F				"
34	43	44	Daniel W. Widber	32	M	Stone mason	400	100	Maine
35			Lovina "	32	F				"
36			Jacob H.	8	M				(obscured)	1
37			Eva A. "	5	F				"	1
38			Charles H. "	3	M				"
39			David Smith	77	M				"
40	Not filled in
*No. white males 20* *No. white females 19* *Total real estate $ 6,100* *Total personal estate $ 3,850*

Page No. 8, Schedule 1. - Free Inhabitants in Newry in the County of Oxford State of Maine enumerated by me, on the 5th day of June 1860. B. B. Willis Ass't. Marshal. Post Office Newry.

See table above for explanation of column numbers

	1	2	3	4	5	7	8	9	10	12
1	44	45	Nathan Andrews	46	M	Meth. Clergyman	500	200	Maine
2			Nancy "	42	F				"
3			Abby F. "	9	F				"	1
4			Ada E. "	7	F				"	1
5	45	46	(Sumner?) Stearnes	58	M	Farmer	800	150	Maine
6			Mahala "	52	F				"
7			Edwin H. "	19	M				"	1
8			Henry "	11	M				"	1
9	46		Unoccupied
10	47	47	Stephen E. Frost	53	M	Farmer	1000	300	Maine
11			Dolly "	50	F				"
12			Samuel B. "	20	M				"	1
13			Lucretia B.	16	F				"	1
14			Am(o?)s "	9	M				"	1
15	48	48	Thos. Stearnes	52	M	Farmer	900	200	Maine
16			Abigail "	49	F				"
17			Prescot "	20	M				"
18			Ann M."	14	F				"	1
19			Emma L. "	9	F				"	1
20			Louis E. "	7	M				"	1
21			Nathan	5	M				"	1
22	49	49	Nathan R(eir?)son	47	M	Farmer and Trader	1000	200	Maine
23			Hannah L. "	47	F				"
24			Henry "	26	M				"
25			Francore(?) E. "	21	F				"
26			Charles E.	20	M				"	1
27			Julia A. "	17	F				"	1
28			George W.	14	M				"	1
29			Mary E. "	12	F				"	1
30			Emma J. "	7	F				"	1
31	50	50	Ephraim McKusick	60	M	Farmer and Blacksmith	900	250	Maine
32			Joann "	55	F				"
33			John H? Searle	27	M	Farmer	900	250	"
34			Hannah "	29	F				"
35	51	51	Thos. F. Smith	41	M	Farmer	700	200	Maine
36			Mary "	41	F				"
37			Ester D. "	18	F	Teacher			"	1
38			Betsey E. "	15	F				"	1
39			Joshua F.	13	M				"	1
40			Orin P. "	6	M				"	1
*No. white males 20* *No. white females 19* *Total real estate $ 6,700* *Total personal estate $ 1,750*

Page No. 9, Schedule 1. - Free Inhabitants in Newry in the County of Oxford State of Maine enumerated by me, on the 5th day of June 1860. B. B. Willis Ass't. Marshal. Post Office Newry.

See table above for explanation of column numbers

	1	2	3	4	5	7	8	9	10	11	12
1			Adna "	2	F				Maine
2	52	52	Josiah Smith	69	M	Farmer	500	150	Maine
3			Susan "	61	F				"
4		53	J. B. Smith	32	M	Farmer	500	150	Maine
5			Triphana "	26	F				"
6			Mary L.	9	F				"		1
7			Jesse L. "	8	M				"		1
8			Martha E. "	6	F				"		1
9			Josiah S. "	4	M				"
10			Joseph	2	M				"
11	53	54	Andrew Abbot	43	M	Farmer		125	Maine
12			David "	15	M				"		1
13			Heannah "	13	F				"		1
14			Lucy	11	F				"		1
15			Mary J. "	9	F				"		1
16			Freborn "	7	M
17			Catherine "	3	F				"
18	54		Unoccupied
19