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September
2011
Cohabitation Records
With
the end of slavery in 1865, new challenges emerged.
Among them were how to recognize and record the slave marriages
that already existed, even though they weren't performed "as
marriages" in the traditional European sense.
Relationships that functioned as and were considered marriages
clearly did exist between former slaves.
Each
county was required to register those who were "cohabiting"
that had been slaves. In
many cases, the former slave owner was also named.
In Hyde County, the former owner was listed in about half of the
registrations.
One
of the problems genealogists face is determining how people who had been
enslaved obtained their names. In
emancipation records registered with the general assembly prior to the
end of slavery, about half of the freed slaves in North Carolina adopted
their former master's names.
In
Hyde County, in 1866, of the 94 couples who registered, only one person
did not retain their master's surname.
In this case, they may not have had a choice in their surname.
They may simply have been registered with the surname of their
former master. In the one
case where the surname was different, it matched the first name of their
master, Ellis, suggesting perhaps that Ellis may have been a family
name.
Twenty
two couples had belonged to the same master, and seventy two belonged to
different masters. Those couples were registered individually under
their master's surnames, not under the surname of the male.
In
most cases, the year that cohabitation began, or the number of years it
has been occurring was also recorded.
Given the legendary stories of family separation, I was surprised
to see so many long-term marriages, many over 20 years.
The longest marriage had lasted for 49 years, one at 48 years,
two at 47 years, one at 46 years, and so forth.
These marriages were apparently stable and relatively successful,
or they at least endured and the people involved were committed enough
to register their marriages, even 49 years after the fact.
My
purpose for going through these records was to look specifically for
Mattamuskeet surnames. I
really didn't expect to find any, as the Mattamuskeet families who lived
on the reservation that was sold in the late 1700s were never enslaved.
None of those surnames were found.
The surnames of the newly free slaves were reflective of the
slaveholding European population in Hyde County in the 1860s.
To
view this list, visit the Hyde County Genweb site at:
http://www.ncgenweb.us/hyde/vitals/COHABIT.HTM
Alphabetical Rent Roll of Virginia 1704/05
The
rent roll of Virginia from 1704 is a critically important historical
document for a number of reasons. First,
and foremost, it's one of the earliest, complete, documents we have.
As you know, death and taxes are the two permanent things, and
sure enough, this comes in the "taxes" category. Everyone paid unless you were a servant on someone else's
property.
Relative
to the Lost Colony, I don't expect any of our colonists to turn up in
Virginia in 1704. After
all, that is 117 years after the colony was left on Roanoke Island.
However, that doesn't mean this list won't provide us with
valuable clues.
We
have the colonists list, the list of military colonists, and the
Jamestown settler list. Many
of the families who were involved with the maritime trades or inclined
to "adventure" were involved repeatedly.
There may indeed be some parallels in surnames that might help
lead us to the proper families in England, a task that has for the most
part evaded us.
Secondly,
we also have the list of early Hatteras families.
We may find our colonist popping up there, but as Native people,
not as English. However, we
have to research each one of the Hatteras surnames in order for the DNA
testing program to be relevant. If
we can prove the families came from locations other than the island, and
they don't match "Dare" as a surname, for example, then we can
remove that particular paternal line as a possible colonist line.
We
know from other historical records that North Carolina was settled by
Virginians. Mostly, but not
always, second generation Virginians.
You can see from the surnames and matches that some of these
families are likely to be the same.
By
1704, some Europeans were settled in North Carolina, so some folks would
not be represented in this Virginia Rent Roll.
However, Hatteras Island was not settled by Europeans, at least
not officially, until after the Tuscarora War in 1711.
On
the list below, if the surname was not found either on the Lost Colonist
roster or on early Hatteras Island, it is not included. However, if it is listed on either of these lists, then I've
listed the other occurrences as well, such as the military voyages,
Drake, etc.
Name
Land
held in:
Allen - Colonist Roster and Hatteras
Allen
Arthur
Isle Wighte County, 1704
Allen
Charles
Warwick County 1704
Allen
Daniell Parish
of St. Peters and St. Paul, 1704
Allen
Hugh
Glocester, Abbington Parish
Allen
Reynold Parish of St.
Peters and St. Paul, 1704
Allen
Richard
James City County 1704
Allen
Richard Parish of St.
Peters and St. Paul, 1704
Allen
Robt Parish of St. Peters and St. Paul,
1704
Allen
Samll Parish of St. Peters and St. Paul,
1704
Allen
Tho
Accomack
Allen
Thomas
Isle Wighte County, 1704
Allen
Wm.
York County, 1704
Alligood
Henry
Northampton County, 1704
Alligood
John
Northampton County, 1704
Allin
Arthur Major
Surry County, 1704
Allin
Edmd
Accomack
Allin
Erasmus
Essex County, 1704
Allin
Richard
Middlesex County, 1704
Allin
Thomas
Elizabeth City County, 1704
Allin
Thomas
King & Queen County, 1704
Allin
Widd[o]
Henrico County, 1705
Allin
Wm.
Essex County, 1704
Archard - Colonist Roster, Archer - Jamestown
Archer
Elizb.
York County, 1704
Archer
Geo
Henrico County, 1705
Archer
Jno
Henrico County, 1705
Archer
Stephen
Nansemond County, 1704
Austin - Hatteras
Austin
Danll
King & Queen County, 1704
Austin
James Parish of St.
Peters and St. Paul, 1704
Austin
Johanna
Glocester, Abbington Parish
Austin Parish
of St. Peters and St. Paul, 1704
Austin
Rich Parish of St. Peters and St. Paul,
1704
Austin
Thomas
King & Queen County, 1704
Baile, Bailey - Colonist Roster and Drakes Voyage, Bailes - Hatteras
Baile
Jno
Surry County, 1704
Bailer
Jno
Essex County, 1704
Bailey
Richd
Glocester, Petso Parish
Bailey
Richd.
Glocester, Ware Parish
Bailey
Thomas
Henrico County, 1705
Baines
Thomas
Elizabeth City County, 1704
Barret, Barnett, Basnett, Basnight - Hatteras
Barratt
Wm
James City County 1704
Barrett
Christo Parish of St. Peters and St. Paul, 1704
Basnett
Jon
Princess Anne County, 1704
Bennett - Colonist Roster and Hatteras
Bennett
Alexander
King & Queen County, 1704
Bennett
James
Surry County, 1704
Bennett
Richard
Isle Wighte County, 1704
Bennett
Richard
Surry County, 1704
Bennett
Sawyer
King & Queen County, 1704
Bennett
Wm
King & Queen County, 1704
Berry - Colonist Roster (2)
Berrey
Robert
Norfolk County, 1704
Berry
Patrick
Glocester, Kingston Parish
Berry
Wm. (Richmond County) Essex County, 1704
Berde - Colonist Roster
Bird
Robt (Sheriff)
King & Queen County, 1704
Bird
Widdo
Essex County, 1704
Bird
Wm
King & Queen County, 1704
Bird
Wm Maj Qr
King William County
Byrd
Coll Esq
Prince George County, 1704
Byrd
Esq[r]
Henrico County, 1705
Byrd
Wm
Nansemond County, 1704
Bishop - Colonist Roster
Bishop
Jno Jun
Prince George County, 1704
Bishop
Jno Sen
Prince George County, 1704
Bishop
Robt
Charles City County, 1704
Bishop
Wm
Norfolk County, 1704
Black - Hatteras
Black
Geo
James City County 1704
Bridger - Colonist Roster
Bridger
Joseph
Isle Wighte County, 1704
Bridger
Samuel & Wm
Isle Wighte County, 1704
Bridger
Samuell Coll
Nansemond County, 1704
Bridger
Samuell
Isle Wighte County, 1704
Bridger
Wm (Sheriff (?)) Isle
Wighte County, 1704
Bright - Colonist Roster and Hatteras
Bright
Robert Sen
Elizabeth City County, 1704
Brook(e) - Colonist roster, Jamestown and Hatteras
Brook
Robt
Essex County, 1704
Brooken
Martha
Glocester, Petso Parish
Brookins
Quartr
Essex County, 1704
Brooks
James
Essex County, 1704
Brooks
Jane (belonging to Wm Walker New Kent)
Henrico County,
Brooks
Jeane
Northampton County, 1704
Brooks
Jno Princess
Anne County, 1704
Brooks
Job
Princess Anne County, 1704
Brooks
Joseph
Glocester, Kingston Parish
Brooks
Peter
Essex County, 1704
Brooks
Richd Parish of St.
Peters and St. Paul, 1704
Brooks
Robt
Charles City County, 1704
Brooks
Robt
Essex County, 1704
Brooks
Robt Parish of St. Peters and St. Paul, 1704
Brooks
Wm
Gloucester, Kingston Parish
Browne - Colonist roster and Jamestown
Brown
Andrew
Nansemond County, 1704
Brown
Buskinghan
Essex County, 1704
Brown
Charles
Essex County, 1704
Brown
Danll Senr.
Essex County, 1704
Brown
Danll. Junr
Essex County, 1704
Brown
Edward
Norfolk County, 1704
Brown
Francis
Essex County, 1704
Brown
James
James City County 1704
Brown
Jno Parish of St. Peters and St. Paul,
1704
Brown
Lancelet
King & Queen County, 1704
Brown
Marmaduke Charles City County, 1704
Brown
Martha
Henrico County, 1705
Brown
Tho Blakes Land King
& Queen County, 1704
Brown
Tho
Northampton County, 1704
Brown
Tho.
Essex County, 1704
Brown
Widdow
Norfolk County, 1704
Brown
Wm
Isle Wighte County, 1704
Brown
Wm
Norfolk County, 1704
Brown
Wm.
Essex County, 1704
Browne
Abraham
King William County
Browne
Doctor
Princess Anne County, 1704
Browne
Edward
Surry County, 1704
Browne
Geo.
York County, 1704
Browne
James
Warwick County 1704
Browne
Jno
Isle Wighte County, 1704
Browne
Jno
Surry County, 1704
Browne
Joseph
King William County
Browne
Wm Capt
Surry County, 1704
Browne
Wm Coll
Surry County, 1704
Browne
Wm
James City County 1704
Browne
Wm.
York County, 1704
Burras - Hatteras and Jamestown
Burrough
Wm
Princess Anne County, 1704
Burroughs
Benj. Mr.
Princess Anne County, 1704
Burrows
Wm (Wm. Blackwell New Kent) Henrico County, 1705
Burrus
John
King William County
Burrus
Thomas King William
County
Butler - Colonist Roster
Butler
Elizabeth
Nansemond County, 1704
Butler
James
Nansemond County, 1704
Butler
Jno
Nansemond County, 1704
Butler
Jno
Prince George County, 1704
Butler
Jno.
Essex County, 1704
Butler
John
Essex County, 1704
Butler
John
Glocester, Abbington Parish
Butler
Thomas
King William County
Butler
Wm
Nansemond County, 1704
Butler
Wm
Prince George County, 1704
Carr - Hatteras
Carr
Robert
Nansemond County, 1704
Carr
Thomas
King William County
Casey - Hatteras
Casey
Nicholas
Isle Wighte County, 1704
Chapman - Colonist Roster
Chapman
Benjamin
Surry County, 1704
Chapman
Henry
Princess Anne County, 1704
Chapman
Jno.
York County, 1704
Chapman
John
King & Queen County, 1704
Chapman
Mary
King & Queen County, 1704
Chapman
Richard
Norfolk County, 1704
Clark - Hatteras and Jamestown
Clark
Daniell
Charles City County, 1704
Clark
Edwd
Charles City County, 1704
Clark
Edwd
Middlesex County, 1704
Clark
James
Glocester, Ware Parish
Clark
Jno
Surry County, 1704
Clark
John
Henrico County, 1705
Clark
Joseph
Accomack
Clark
Joseph
Charles City County, 1704
Clark
Margarett King William County
Clark
Robert
Isle Wighte County, 1704
Clark
Robert
Surry County, 1704
Clark
Tho
Accomack
Clark
Wm
Henrico County, 1705
Clark
Wm
Isle Wighte County, 1704
Clarke
Jno
Isle Wighte County, 1704
Clarke
Jno
Nansemond County, 1704
Clarke
Jno
Surry County, 1704
Clement - Colonist Roster
Cleaments
Francis
Surry County, 1704
Colman, Coleman - Colonist roster
Coleman
Daniell
King & Queen County, 1704
Coleman
Francis
Prince George County, 1704
Coleman
Jno
Glocester, Petso Parish
Coleman
Jno
Prince George County, 1704
Coleman
Joseph
Glocester, Abbington Parish
Coleman
Robert
Nansemond County, 1704
Coleman
Robt
Essex County, 1704
Coleman
Tho
King & Queen County, 1704
Coleman
Thomas
Glocester, Abbington Parish
Coleman
Wm Jun Prince
George County, 1704
Cooper - Colonist Roster, Jamestown
Cooper
Cha.
Elizabeth City County, 1704
Cooper
Edward
Princess Anne County, 1704
Cooper
George Sen
Elizabeth City County, 1704
Cooper
George Sen Elizabeth
City County, 1704
Cooper
James
Surry County, 1704
Cooper
Jno
Norfolk County, 1704
Cooper
Joseph
Nansemond County, 1704
Cooper
Joseph
Warwick County 1704
Cooper
Philip
Glocester, Ware Parish
Cooper
Richd.
Essex County, 1704
Cooper
Samuell
York County, 1704
Cooper
Tho
James City County 1704
Cooper
Tho.
Essex County, 1704
Cooper
Wm
Norfolk County, 1704
Cooper
Wm.
Essex County, 1704
Dailey - Hatteras
Dalley
Henry
Norfolk County, 1704
Dalley
Wm
Norfolk County, 1704
Davis - Hatteras
Davis
Arthur
Surry County, 1704
Davis
Christopher
Elizabeth City County, 1704
Davis
Christopher
Prince George County, 1704
Davis
Edward
Norfolk County, 1704
Davis
Edward
Princess Anne County, 1704
Davis
Edward
Warwick County 1704
Davis
Edwd
King & Queen County, 1704
Davis
Elizar Parish
of St. Peters and St. Paul, 1704
Davis
Evans
Essex County, 1704
Davis
Francis
Isle Wighte County, 1704
Davis
James
Accomack
Davis
Jno (Isle of Wight) Surry
County, 1704
Davis
Jno
Isle Wighte County, 1704
Davis
Jno
King & Queen County, 1704
Davis
Jno
Northampton County, 1704
Davis
John
King William County
Davis
John Middlesex
County, 1704
Davis
John Parish of St. Peters and St. Paul, 1704
Davis
Lewis
King William County
Davis
Moses
Elizabeth City County, 1704
Davis
Nath.
Surry County, 1704
Davis
Nathll King
& Queen County, 1704
Davis
Owen
York County, 1704
Davis
Richd
Charles City County, 1704
Davis
Richd
King & Queen County, 1704
Davis
Robert
King William County
Davis
Robt Accomack
Davis
Thomas
Charles City County, 1704
Davis
Thomas
Isle Wighte County, 1704
Davis
Thomas
Nansemond County, 1704
Davis
Thomas
Nansemond County, 1704
Davis
Thomas
Nansemond County, 1704
Davis
Thomas
Norfolk County, 1704
Davis
Thomas
Norfolk County, 1704
Davis
Widdo
Glocester, Kingston Parish
Davis
Wm
Elizabeth City County, 1704
Davis
Wm
King
William County
Davis
Wm
Norfolk County, 1704
Davis
Wm
Prince George County, 1704
Davis
Wm Sen
Norfolk County, 1704
Davis
Wm
York County, 1704
Davis
Wm
York County, 1704
Dimmock - Colonist roster - added per Andy Powell's research
Dimmock
Tho
King & Queen County, 1704
Dorrell - Colonist roster
Dorrell
Sampson
Glocester, Ware Parish
Dorrell
Sampson Qr
King William County
Duncan - Hatteras
Duncon
David
Princess Anne County, 1704
Dunkin
Thomas
Prince George County, 1704
Durant - Hatteras
Durrat
Widdo
King & Queen County, 1704
Elks - Hatteras
Elkes
Jno
Princess Anne County, 1704
Elkes
Robert
Nansemond County, 1704
Elkes
Wm
Nansemond County, 1704
Ellis - Colonist roster, Ellys - Jamestown
Ellis
Edward
Surry County, 1704
Ellis
James
Surry County, 1704
Ellis
James
Surry County, 1704
Ellis
Jere
Surry County, 1704
Ellis
Jno. Jun
Prince George County, 1704
Ellis
John
Henrico County, 1705
Ellis
John
King & Queen County, 1704
Ellis
John Sen
Prince George County, 1704
Ellis
Joseph
Nansemond County, 1704
Ellis
Robert
Prince George County, 1704
Ellis
Timothy
King & Queen County, 1704
Ellis
Wm
Norfolk County, 1704
Ellis
Wm Parish of St.
Peters and St. Paul, 1704
English - Colonist roster
English
Mungo Parish of St. Peters and St. Paul,1704
English
Thomas
Isle Wighte County, 1704
Etheridge - Hatteras
Etherdge
Charles
Norfolk County, 1704
Etherdge
Edward Cooper
Norfolk County, 1704
Etherdge
Edward
Norfolk County, 1704
Etherdge
Edward Sen
Norfolk County, 1704
Etherdge
Marmaduke
Norfolk County, 1704
Etherdge
Thomas B R
Norfolk County, 1704
Etherdge
Thomas Cooper
Norfolk County, 1704
Etherdge
Thomas Jun
Norfolk County, 1704
Etherdge
Thomas Sen
Norfolk County, 1704
Etherdge
Wm Jun
Norfolk County, 1704
Etherdge
Wm
Norfolk County, 1704
Evans - Hatteras, military colonist
Evans
Abrah.
Surry County, 1704
Evans
Abrigall
Norfolk County, 1704
Evans
Antho
Surry County, 1704
Evans
Benj
Prince George County, 1704
Evans
Charles
Henrico County, 1705
Evans
Jno
Accomack
Evans
Jno
Prince George County, 1704
Evans
John
Charles City County, 1704
Evans
John
Northampton County, 1704
Evans
Mary
Prince George County, 1704
Evans
Peter
Prince George County, 1704
Evans
Rice
Essex County, 1704
Evans
Tho
Northampton County, 1704
Farre - Colonist roster, Farrow - Hatteras
Farrar
Capt Wm
Henrico County, 1705
Farrar
Jno
Henrico County, 1705
Farrar
Tho
Henrico County, 1705
Florrie - Colonist roster, Flower and Flowers, Hatteras
Flowers
Isaac
Essex County, 1704
Flowers
Richd
Accomack
Flowers
Samll
Charles City County, 1704
Freeman - Family of Interest - Native
Freeman
George
James City County 1704
Freeman
Henry
Middlesex County, 1704
Freeman
Jno
Norfolk County, 1704
Freeman
Jno
Prince George County, 1704
Freeman
Robt
Glocester, Ware Parish
Freeman
Wm Parish of St. Peters and St. Paul, 1704
Fulcher - Hatteras
Fulsher
Jno
Norfolk County, 1704
Gibbs - Colonist roster and Hatteras
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