1584-RECONNAISSANCE VOYAGE OF
PHILIP AMADAS AND ARTHUR BARLOWE

Two vessels described in Hakluyt's Principal Navigations as "barks well furnished with men and victuals. "

A total of 11 men, including the two captains

1.

Manteo - Native American -  went  twice to England and returned twice.  The first time was with the first military expedition of 1584 He returned with the Greenville military colony and returned to England the second time with the failed 1585-86 military settlement. He returned to Roanoke with the colonists in 1587.  He was baptized a week before the baby Virginia Dare and was given the title of "Lord of Roanoke and Dasamonquepeu" in honor of his faithful service to the English.  He was the chief of the tribe of Indians who lived at Croatoan, current day Hatteras Island, and onto some parts of the mainland. 

Wanchese - Native American - military expedition of  1584 voyage. After his return, he became a bitter enemy and advised Wingina, his chief, accordingly. Eventually, the military colonists in 1585/1586 beheaded Wingina, cementing a bitter relationship and violent reactions with his tribe who lived across the sound from Roanoke in current Mann's Harbour, Dasamonquepeu, the same area which the English "gave" to Manteo when they christened him in August 1587.

1585  1586 - FIRST EXPEDITION OF SIR RICHARD GRENVILLE,
WHICH PLANTED THE LANE MILITARY COLONY

The seven-vessel fleet sailed from Plymouth on 9 April 1585

Sir Walter Raleigh sent a colony of 108 men in the spring of 1585 to establish a settlement in the New World. Sir Richard Grenville transported the first settlers to Roanoke island off the coast of modern North Carolina, made preliminary explorations of the area, put Ralph Lane in charge of the colony, and returned to England for supplies, capturing prize ships along the way.  He left 107 men with Lane and promised to return with supplies by the following Easter.

~~~~~

One writing states a military expedition of 600 men commanded by Raleigh’s cousin, Sir Richard Grenville. Not all 600 men reach Roanoke however. Some men become ill and die, some decide that pirating in the West Indies is a much more attractive option, and some ships are lost in storms. About 200 men actually arrive on Roanoke. However, their ship carrying food is wrecked on the Outer Banks shoals among allegations of incompetence between Ralph Lane and Simon Fernandez.

(Copied from Roberta Estes' Lost Colony Story - http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~molcgdrg/faqs/lcstory.htm )

5.

7.

29.

30.

44.

45.

46.

47.         

49.

50.

52.

61.

65.

67.

76.

82.

83.

1586 - SIR BERNARD DRAKE'S VOYAGE TO NEWFOUNDLAND

Drake intended to lead Sir Walter Ralegh's second squadron to Virginia, 

but the Queen ordered him to Newfoundland instead.

1586 - Sir Francis Drake's West Indian Voyage
the fleet attacked the Spanish around the Spanish West Indies and Florida

on returning to England they anchored  off the coast of Roanoke Island with a mighty fleet of 23 ships.

Drake's fleet evacuated the military colony, in their rush many records were lost overboard and three men out foraging were left behind.

Bigges, Walter  Captain - Drake's 1586 West Indian Voyage, stopped at Roanoke - Link

Sir Francis Drake is privateering in the Caribbean in June, “visiting” several islands. For good measure, he attacks and destroys the Spanish stronghold of St. Augustine on his way north to stop at Roanoke. He arrives in Roanoke in a hurricane on June the 8th. He may or may not have had captured African slaves, Native Americans, and Moors on board; we do know he had a 100 Turks because they were subsequently ransomed to the Turkish empire upon his return to England. 

Raleigh's  1586 relief voyage

Grenville's  1586 relief voyage

1586 - The Grenville Fifteen

Shortly after the Military Colonists left Roanoke Island in 1586, a supply ship sent by Richard Grenville arrived. Being unaware of the hostile situation with the Indians led by Wingina and living directly across what was a shallow sound at the time, Grenville left 15 men to "hold the fort". In 1590, one skeleton was discovered, a victim of an Indian attack. According to other Indians, the rest of the Grenville's 15 left in a boat and were not seen again. Some reports include a second man as killed in the initial attack, and some reports indicate their boat was later found on anther island, neither of which can be confirmed.

Pedro Diaz, a Spanish pilot who was with Grenville, says the number was eighteen, two of whom were called Cofar (Coffin) and Chapman, 

and as his is direct evidence it may be the more reliable. He says Grenville left with them four pieces of artillery and supplies for eighteen men for one year (ibid., II, 791).
Names unknown at this time - only one skeleton was found, no other evidence of  the men was never found.

1587 - The voyage to create the Citie of Raleigh on the shores of the Chesapeake Bay.

Raleigh had directed, in writing, that the fort and colony be established in the Chesapeake Bay area where a better port could be had and 

where conditions for settlement were considered to be more favorable. This was a colonial expedition consisting of 150 persons. Its truer colonizing character was evidenced by the significant facts that, unlike the expedition of 1585, this one included women and children, and the men were called "planters." Its government was also less military, since the direction of the enterprise in Virginia was to be in the hands of a syndicate of subpatentees--a governor and 12 assistants whom Raleigh incorporated as the "Governor and Assistants of the Citie of Ralegh in Virginia."

The Citie of Raleigh Colonists - also known as "The Lost Colony"

Thomas Hariot, who wrote in February 1587, spoke about Raleigh's generosity, saying that the least that he had granted had been 500 acres of land to each man willing to go to America. Those contributing money or supplies, as well as their person, probably stood to receive more. Although, the status of the people of the Citie of Raleigh is unknown, some must have had some property status to provide monies and supplies. An Englishman who dies outside of England who has property and or a Englishman who had properties in more then one county had their estates handled through the (PCC) Prerogative Court of Canterbury.  In the PCC records, we have found one record in Latin (which has  been transcribed) about Ananaisa Dare's son John Dare, a minor. for these types of records see the research pages for each surname.

Willes, William  -- Colonist roster - Link

Manteo - Native American -  went  twice to England and returned twice.  The first time was with the first military expedition of 1584 He returned with the Greenville military colony and returned to England the second time with the failed 1585-86 military settlement. He returned to Roanoke with the colonists in 1587.  He was baptized a week before the baby Virginia Dare and was given the title of "Lord of Roanoke and Dasamonquepeu" in honor of his faithful service to the English.  He was the chief of the tribe of Indians who lived at Croatoan, current day Hatteras Island, and onto some parts of the mainland. 

1587 - Sir George Carey's Expedition 

William Irish, leader of the expedition. This expedition left England before the squadron bearing the colonists and evidently called at Chesapeake Bay, the colonists' supposed destination, but found no evidence of English settlement. The exact relationship of Carey's expedition to White's is unknown.

1588 - First attempt by Governor John White to bring relieve to the Citie of Raleigh

The Queen's Privy Council gave Grenville permission to use two small ships not required for service against Spain. White sailed with these on April 28, 1588, but they were small, poorly equipped, and poorly provisioned. Partly because of these circumstances and perhaps partly because of their own folly in running after Spanish treasure ships, they were unable to reach Virginia in the war-torn sea.

1590 - The second voyage of relief by Governor John White to bring the much needed supplies to the colony.

March 7, 1589, Sir Raleigh gave all one/fifth of gold and silver ore to a group of London merchants, Governor White and nine other gentlemen, "Late of London." At least seven of them were planters whom White had left in Virginia. Others included in the group were Richard Hakluyt and Thomas Smythe, later known as Sir Thomas Smythe. Even with this incentive, it wasn't until March 20, 1590 that John White left for the colony. For unknown reasons the merchants and supplies were not taken to the colony. White's  position on the ship was that of a normal passenger. The expedition spent months in the West Indies.  Upon arrival at Roanoke Island the only thing found was CRO carved in Roman letters on a tree at the brow of the hill and One of the chief trees, or posts, had the bark peeled off, and carved on it in capital letters was the word CROATOAN.

The Colonists were never found

People associated with the 1590 voyage and relief mission

Kelley, Edward -- 1590 - died on journey  Link

Surnames of Interest and Added surnames from DNA project