DIARY OF A MARINER

Charles Joseph DeFreytas

May 14, 1822 - March 3, 1913

Charles worked on several sailing vessels in his younger years, from 1841 - 1849. He kept a shipboard diary, recording his experiences during this time of extensive travelling. What follows is a transcription of this diary, as transcribed by Stephen T. DeFREYTAS, the great-great-grandson of Charles Joseph DeFREYTAS.

*Memoranda*

*1841*
*Feb*	*12th*	*Shipped and commenced to work on board brig "Fanny' Wm. Ayles master.*

	*18th*	received weeks' board wages, and signed Articles to go the voyage from hence to Kingston, Jamaica, from thence to Cuba, from thence to Hamburg and from thence to Halifax or elsewhere at 2 LBs per month,- received one months advance, month commenced 12th.

	*20th*	*at 3 pm wind from NW got under-weigh, at 6 pm Sambro bore W 5 miles.*

	*21st*	*double reefd the topsails.*

	*22nd*	*have her too under goosewing'd main top sail.*

	*23rd*	*at 8 am moderated made sail.*

	*28th*	*Spoke Am. brig Ivanhoe from New Orleans bound to Rio de Janiero out 16 days.*

*March*	*10th*	*Spoke brigt. Ellen of and from Halifax bound to Jamaica on the 10 Feb in a*

*1841*

*March*	*10th*	*heavy gale had been disinasted and her decks swept, crew all safe, bearing up for Antigua had been supplied a few days before by a Hull vessel Lat Lon. 59 W.*

	*14th*	*Lat. by observation 19 " 50 N.*

	*15th*	*exchanged signal with Spanish brigt.*

	*17th*	*at 5 am made the island of St. Domingo.*

	*19th*	*made the island of Jamaica.*

	*21st*	*at 12 noon hove too off Port Royal,- got pilot at 12 112 fill away for Kingston at 3 pm got ashore.*

	*22nd*	*ran kedges [11 out and got her off, at 12 noon came too off Kingston.*

	*23rd*	*Haul'd into the wharf.*

	*24th*	*Commenced discharging, at 5 pm stope'd.*

	*25th*	*Received orders to proceed to Montego Bay.*

	*26th*	*Came down to Port Royal & anchor for the night.*

	*27th*	*At daylight weigh'd anchor & sail'd for Montego.*

	*31st*	*Made Montego bay at daylight, at 11 am came to anchor.*

*April*	*2nd*	*Began to discharge cargo.*

		*[1] kedges: light anchors, used especially in warping a ship.*

*April*	*7th*	*Finished discharging outward bound cargo.*

	*9th*	*Ballasted [2] ship. Waiting for orders.*

	*20th*	*At 12 noon got under weigh and sail'd for Trinidad de Cuba.*

	*22nd*	*Exchanged signals with Mexican schooner.*

	*26th*	*At 10 am made Trinidad at 2 pm came to anchor, discharged ballast and took in cargo of Molasses.*

*May*	*17th*	*Fever very bad here, John Towsend a native of Windsor, N.S. after an illness of a few hours died, about 21 years of age,- belonged to brigt. Genl. Brooks of Salem.*

*May*	*22nd*	*At 5 pm weigh'd anchor and sail'd for Harbour Grace, Newfoundland.*

*June*	*10th*	*Calm picked up a barrel of good flour and caught six dolphin.*

	*14th*	*Spoke brig Gipsy of and from Providence bound to the Azores out 5 days in Lat 39 Lon. 50 W*

	*17th*	*In Lat. 41 N Lon 56 W. fell in with a bowsprit [3] apparently new had been in the water about two months.*

		*[2] ballasted: provide stability with any heavy material carried by the ship, so as to avoid capsizing and to secure the greatest effectiveness of the propelling power.*

		*[3] bowsprit: a large, tapered pole extending forward from the bow of a sailing vessel,- the foremost stays (cables) are fastened to it.*

*1841*

*June*	*20th*	*Sunday in Lat 42 N. Lon. 57 10 W spoke ship Abina of London out 48 days from Liverpool bound to Quebec with passengers.*

	*21st*	*Strong breeze from E hove too under close reef main topsail.*

	*23rd*	*Moderated double reefd topsails courses jib [1] and spanker [2].*

	*25th*	*Shook all reefs out and sett topgalsaits, we now have had 6 days of very thick fog. at 8 am sounded on Grand band [bank?] 50 fathom, grey sand midnight sounded as before 50fathoms.*

	*26th*	*At 4 am sounded, 50fathom at 8 am, sounded again 45fathoms sand, shells, & pebbles.*

	*28th*	*Fog cleared up, got the boat out out and boarded Am. fishing schooner --- of Beverly, and got some fresh fish and potatoes.*

	*29th*	*Sounded, 85fathoms, off the bank at 8 pm do 95 do at midnight do 110 do [do = ditto?]*

	*30th*	*At daylight Cape Spare bore N by E 15 miles at 2 pm St. Johns bore 6 miles, at 6 pm haul our wind round cape St. Francis.*

		*[1] jib: a triangular sail set in front of the forward mast.*

		*[2] spanker: a fore-and-aft sail on the after most mast of a ship.*

*1841*

*June*	*30th*	*At 8 pm double reef'd the topsails & spanker, hauld up the courses and stowd the jib, at 10 pm back'd main topsail and dodg'd till [3].*

*July*	*1st*	*At 4 am shook all reefs out, sett courses, jib and top gallant sails, at 2 pm off the light, got a pilot, at 6 pm came to anchor in Harbour Grace.*

	*4th*	*Hauld into Ridleys wharf.*

	*5th*	*Commenced discharging cargo.*

	*9th*	*Obliged to send down royal & top gallant yards and strike top gallant masts.*

	*12th*	*Clear'd out main hold and saild for the ballast ground which is about a mile above the town on the south side.*

	*13th*	*Moor'd alongside the beach, rigg'd out stages and commenced to ballast ship.*

	*21st*	*Came down to Ridleys wharf and discharged remainder of cargo.*

	*22nd*	*Went ashore to the Court house to demand discharge,- was refused it, refused to return to duty.*

		*[3] till: glacial drift consisting of an unassorted mixture of clay, sand, gravel, and boulders.*

*1841*

*Aug*	*11th*	*Travelled to Carbonear to look for a ship, did not suceed, return'd to Harbour Grace.*

	*14th*	*Shipped on board brigt. "Sarah "Davis Mr. to go a voyage to Sydney C B and back at 2.5 LBs per month.*

	*16th*	At daylight got under weigh and sail'd for Sydney at 8 am,- struck on the Brandy rock and stove in starboard bow, rigg'd both puinps but the water was soon up over the ballast and she became unmanageable,- obliged to stand in for wherever she would fetch,- at 12 noon ran her in among the rocks in logy [?] bay and let go the anchor in 80fathom water, got ashore in some fishing boats where we were kindly supplied with a supper and lodgings for the night.

	*17th*	*At 7 am after eating breakfast set off*

*Aug*	*17th*	for St. Johns where we arrived at 11 am, - after getting some dinner returned to Togy bay with a car for what clothes we had saved,- at 5 pm returned to St. Johns when Mr. Findlay J. P. sent us to a boarding house until we should get a ship.

	*20th*	*Shipped on board barque "Creamore" Thos. Shapley master, of Liverpool for voyage to Brazils,- thence to any discharging port in Europe, at 2.5LBs per month sterling.*

	*27th*	*Weigh'd anchor and sail'd for Brazil.*

*Sep.*	*24th*	*Crossed the Equator.*

*Oct.*	*2nd*	*Made the land.*

	*3rd*	*Made Pernambuco and came to anchor in the roads.*

	*4th*	*Came into harbour and moor'd ship.*

	*5th*	*Commenced to discharge cargo.*

	*10th*	*Took in 8 cases of sugar.*

	*15th*	*Unmoor'd and sail'd for Parahiba.*

	*16th*	*Came to anchor off Cappodillas, mouth of Parihiba river.*

*1841*

*Oct.*	*17th*	*At daylight weigh'd anchor at 6 pm, - came to anchor off Parahiba.*

	*18th*	*Moord ship.*

	*19th*	*Commenced taking in cotton.*

*Nov.*	*1st*	*Unmoord and came down Cappodilla.*

	*3rd*	*Weighd anchor and saild for Liverpool.*

	*6th*	*Crossed the line.*

	*26th*	*Made the Western Islands.*

*Dec.*	*2nd*	*At midnight made Tuscar light.*

	*4th*	*Arrived at Liverpool and haul'd into the Queens Dock.*

	*8th*	*Paid off at job and Brothers office.*

	*14th*	Shipp'd on board barque "Sarah Trotinan of Liverpool, Hugh Brown master, to go a voyage from hence to Barbadoes or any other port in the West Indies,-from thence to any port in the United Kingdom,- voyage not to exceed 12 months, at 2. ***0 LBs per month.

	*18th*	*Hauld out of Queens dock and came too in the river.*

	*19th*	*Weigh'd anchor and sail'd.*

	*24th*	*Strong breeze from W., drove in bay of Biscay.*

*1841*

*Dec.*	*25th*	*Moderated cape ... bore ... 20 miles breeze shop'd round to NE shaped our course.*

*1842*

*Jan.*	*16th*	*At 6 pm made SE and island Barbadoes dodg'd till daylight.*

	*17th*	*abt 10 am came to anchor in Carlisle Bay.*

	*18th*	*Commenced to discharge cargo.*

*March*	*21st*	*Commenced taking in sugar.*

*April*	*7th*	*At 6 pm completed our cargo, got under weigh and saild for Liverpool.*

	*26th*	*Strong breeze from W. carried away the fore top gallant mast.*

*May*	*7th*	*Made the land Corkheads bearingn.*

	*8th*	*At 6 pm Holyhead bore E. 15 miles.*

	*9th*	*At 10 am came to anchor in the Mersey [1].*

	*10th*	*Hauld into the Queens dock.*

	*14th*	*Paid off at S L Trotmans office, Sweeting st.*

*June*	*12th*	*Shipped on board of ship "Liverpool' of Liverpool, Robt. McDowell master, to go the voyage to China or any port in the Indian or Chinese seas,-from thence*

		*[1] Mersey: a river in W. England, flowing from Derbyshire W. to the Irish Sea,- about 70 miles.*

*1842*

*June*	*12th*	*to any discharging port in the United Kingdom,- voyage not to exceed two years at 35 shillings per month, received two months advance.*

*July*	*8th*	*Haul'd out of Brunswick Basin and saild for China.*

	*22nd*	*Spoke Hull Brig "Philomell', out 4 days from Plymouth bound on a survey.*

	*23rd*	*Lowered quarter boat and boarded schoo[1] Eliza Ann of and from Milford bound to Ancona with iron.*

	*30th*	*Porto Santo bore W 15 miles at noon.*

	*31st*	*Madeira bore W 15 miles at noon.*

*Aug*	*27th*	*Crossed the equator,- Neptune came on board,- as usual fine fun shaving.*

*Sept*	*6th*	*At 12 noon Trinidad,- a bore SE 12 miles.*

	*29th*	*Lat. 33.33 S Lon. 12 E. course ESE.*

*Oct*	*8th*	*Lat. 40.19 S. Lon. 32.35 E. course SE by E.*

	*17th*	*In Lat ... Lon 65.50E. spoke barque Isabel of Amsterdam.*

	*20th*	*Course E. putt on 112 gallon water per day.*

	*22nd*	*Lat ... Lon 83.47E course E.*

		*[1] schoo: probably slang for schooner.*

*1842*

*Oct*	*24th*	*Lat ... Lon 86 E course E by S.*

	*25th*	*Lat. 30.43 S. Lon. 96.54E. Course NE.*

	*30th*	*Course NE by N.*

*Nov*	*1st*	*Lat. 22. 10S. Lon. 101 E. course N by E. 3 quarts of water are now allowed per day.*

	*5th*	*Lat. 10 S. Lon. 102 E. course N 112 E.*

	*6th*	*Lat. 8 S. Lon. 101. 56E.,- sighted the island of Sumatra course AE by E*

	*8th*	*Bent the chains course ENE.*

	*9th*	*Made Java head bearing ESE course ENE. at 8 pm hove to under Cockatoo island at 12 midnight heavy squalls,- close reefd the topsails.*

	*10th*	*At daylight moderated made all sail and at 12 noon backd our main topsail off Anger town; got some fresh provisions on board and started at 4 pm came too an anchor off Bantam NW side Java.*

	*11th*	*Got the pinnace [2] out and watered ship.*

	*12th*	*At 4 am got under weigh and sail'd for China course NE by N at 12 noon course NE.*

	*13th*	*Course E. wind about W.*

		*[2] pinnace: a light sailing ship, esp. one formerly used in attendance on a larger vessel.*

*1842*

*Nov*	*15th*	*At 10 pm island of Lubec bore S. course E.*

	*19th*	*At 8 pm we were on 7fathom bank, course E. 112 S.*

	*20th*	*At 4 pm on island of Celebes bore N. 15 miles. at 8 pm haul'd our wind and dodg'd off and on till.*

	*21st*	*At 4 am squared away thro' the straits of course E. 112 S.*

	*22nd*	*Cambyma bore N. at 12 noon course ENE.*

	*23rd*	*Course NE by N.*

	*29th*	*Buoro island bore E. course N. E.*

*Dec*	*1st*	*Course ENE.*

	*3rd*	*Gillolo island bore W.*

	*4th*	*Pass'd a barque with fore topmast carried away steering as ourselves, course NE.*

	*7th*	*Course ENE.*

	*8th*	*Lat 2.48 N. Long. 135.50E. course N by E.*

	*10th*	*Got into the NE monsoons. course NNW.*

	*20th*	*Lat ... Lon. 129.21 E. course NW by W.*

	*22nd*	*Course WNW.*

	*23rd*	*North Bashee bore S. course W.*

	*24th*	*At 6 am Formosa bore N.*

	*26th*	*At 10 am saw the land on the starboard bow. at 6 pm came to anchor at the mouth Hong Kong bay.*

*1842*

*Dec.*	*26th*	*Weigh'd anchor and beat up to head of the bay.*

	*28th*	*Moor'd ship.*

	*29th*	*Commenced discharging cargo.*

*1843*

*Jan.*	*9th*	2 of our seamen enter'd H. M. service,- Robt Keame on board of the Belle Isle[?], and Gordon McKay on board the Agincourt. both line of battle ships the latter bearing the flag of Sir Thos Cochrane, R. A.B.

	*11th*	*James Bean seaman entered H.M.S. Belle Isle[?],*

	*12th*	*Ship "Good Success " haul'd alongside and discharged her cargo of cotton onto US.*

	*21st*	*Unmoord ship and sail'd for Mampoa.*

	*22nd*	*Came to anchor off Liiitin [?].*

	*23rd*	*Came to anchor in the Bogue.*

	*24th*	*Came to anchor in Whampoa, unbent sails.*

	*25th*	*Drop'd higher up the river & moord ship.*

	*26th*	*Sending down mizen [1] top sail yard [21, the lift gave way while on the yard arm, which precipitated me down on deck, and broke my left leg just above the ankle.*

*Feb.*	*4th*	*Commenced discharging cargo.*

*March*	*8th*	*Commenced taking in cargo of tea.*

		*[1] mizen: ("mizzen"): the lower sail set on the mizzenmast.*

		*[2] yard: a long cylindrical spar with a taper toward each end, slung crosswise to a mast and suspending a square sail, lateen sail, etc.*

*1843*

*April*	*5th*	*At 11am weigh'd anchor and sail'd for Macoa at 7pm came to anchor.*

	*6th*	*At 6 am got under weigh, at 8 am came to an anchor in Macoa roads.*

	*11th*	*Got under weigh with orders to proceed to Cork.*

	*28th*	*Spoke barque "Sappho" of Greenock out 4 month 23 days from London bound to China,- supplied her with a cask of water. We were put on 314 bread per day.*

*May*	*1st*	*At 8 am Gasper bore W 10 miles; at 10 am entered the straits in company with barque "Frances Bums " of Greenock, at 5 pm in rrowest part about 3 miles across, full calm.*

	*2nd*	*Drifting on Vansittart shoal we were obliged to bring up with stream anchor, and sent the boat out to sound, at 10 am weigh'd anchor. at 4 pm let go again in 20 fathom water, 4 knot current, calm.*

	*3rd*	*At 5 pm weigh'd anchor, at 7 pm let go again, - at 11 pm weigh'd anchor.*

	*4th*	*At 3 am let go again,- at 8 am weigh'd anchor, - at 9 am let go again not having gain'd any ground since the 2nd.*

*1843*

*March*	*22nd*	*Completed our cargo of 14,700 chests of tea.*

	*23rd*	*Unmoor'd ship.*

	*24th*	*Warpd[l] down to the first bar.*

	*25th*	*At 8 am kedg'd it over first bar,- at 12 noon let go the anchor,- at 5 pm got under weigh with a light breeze,- at 8 pm came too anchor inside of second bar in a heavy squall.*

	*26th*	*Got under weigh at 6 am with quarterly breeze,- at 12 noon pass'd thro' the Bogue; at 8pm let go the anchor off Fancyack island.*

	*27th*	At 6 am got under weigh steering SE,- at 8 am Linten bore S. at 11 am Tonkoo bore S.,- at pm let go the anchor, strong breeze from SE, ship very crank [2], midnight weigh'd anchor, at 1 am let go again.

	*28th*	At 6 am got under weigh, at 8 am Two Brothers bore S. at 9 am entered Capsingmoon passage course about ENE. after coming thro' the course for Hong Kong is about SE. at 1 pm came to anchor in Hong Kong.

	*30th*	*Barque 'Marchioness o Duoro " haul'd alongside ?f into which we discharged some of our tea, and took in more ballast.*

		*[1] warpd (warp): to move the ship into some desired place or position by hauling on a rope or warp which has been fastened to something fixed, as a buoy, anchor, or the like.*

		*[2] crank.- liable to lurch or capsize.*

*1843*

*May*	*4th*	*At 4 pm with strong breeze in our favour weighd anchor and got clear of the straits.*

	*8th*	*At 8 pm entered straits of Sunda, light winds.*

	*9th*	*At 11 am came to anchor six miles to leeward of Anger, at 9 pm hoisted*
		*in 10 casks of water.*

	*10th*	*At 6 pm got under weigh, at 6 pm Cockatoo bore N 5 miles, at 8 pm Princes Isle bore S 10 miles course W by S. got the SE trades.*

	*11th*	*Course WSW. wind SE very strong.*

	*22nd*	*Lat. 18 S. Lon. 7.56E. course W by S 112 S.*

	*28th*	*Course W by S.*

	*29th*	*Lat 24.4 S Lon 55.56E course W by S. cape pigeons and mother cargo chicks heaving in sight.*

	*31st*	*Caught a bonito [11 weighing 23 lbs.*

*June*	*2nd*	*Lat 26 S. Lon 50 E, course W, wind variable.*

	*3rd*	*Very squally double reef'd the topsails.*

	*4th*	*Wind W, lay up N by W. at 4 pm wore [21 ship lay up SW by S.*

	*5th*	*Wore ship, laying up N by W.*

	*6th*	*At 4 am wore ship,- hearing breakers,- at daylight island of Madagascar,- bore W,-wind W laying SSW, shook the reefs out.*

		*[1] bonito.- mackerel like fish.*

		*[2] wore.- brought the vessel on another tack by turning away from the wind.*

*June*	*6th*	*No fire allowed after 12 noon, being short of fuel.*

	*7th*	*Wind haul'd round to E course W.*

	*9th*	*Wind N course W.*

	*10th*	*Wind S course 112 N.*

	*11th*	*Strong breeze from ENE. put her under double reef'd fore and main top sails, fore sail and fore top mast stay sail.*

	*12th*	At 4 am wind shifted to NE and freshened [3] took in foresail and close reefd fore and main topsail, at 8 am sett reef'd foresail. At 12 noon Lat 30 S. Lon 35 E. at 1 pm hove her too on starboard tack under close reefd main topsail &fore top mast staysail, at 4 pm wind NW stow'd fore topmast stay sail, at 8 pm. wore ship and hove too on larboard [4] tack.

	*13th*	At 6 am sett reefd foresail &fore top mast staysail,-at 8 am set close reef'd fore & mizen topsail,-at 12 noon shook reef out foresail, set main sail, crosjack [51 and jib, at 4 pm 2 reefs out topsails, set fore and main topgallant-sails, wind about W. laying W by W.

	*14th*	*At daylight Cape ... bore ENE.*

		*[3] freshened.- relieved, as a rope, by altering the position of a part exposed to friction.*

		*[4] larboard: left, or port side of ship (opp. of starboard).*

		*[5] crosjack (crossjack): a square sail on the lower yard of a mizzenmast.*

*1843*

*June*	*15th*	*Wind SSW. laying WSW.*

	*16th*	*Wind SE. course SW by W 112 W.*

	*17th*	At 12 noon haul'd round to W and freshened,- put her under double reef'd fore and main topsails and close reef'd mizzen topsail and fore topmast staysail. at 8 pm hove too on starboard tack under close reefd main topsail.

	*18th*	*At 10 am sett fore topmast staysail & wore ship & sett reef'd spanker, at 12 noon moderated,- shook all reefs out, at 8 pm wind E. sett all studding sails [1].*

	*19th*	*At 8 am wind shifted to NW,- double reef'd the topsails. at 8 pm hove too under close reef'd main topsail, our allowance of water reduced to 3 quarts per day.*

	*20th*	*At 12 noon abated, sett double reef'd fore and main topsails & reef'd main topsail, & main top gallant sail.*

	*21st*	*Wind about N,- sett courses. at 4 pm carried away main top gallant yard in the lb ... t?].*

	*22nd*	*Wind AE,- sett stunsails. Lat 34.20 S. Lon 28.40E. course NW by W.*

		*[1] studdingsails: light sails sometimes set outboard of either of the leeches of a square sail, and extended by booms.*

*1843*
*June*	*23th*	*Wind shifted to W. and fresned [21 to a gale carried away our jib boom [3] at the cap; put her under double reef'd main and close reef'd fore topsails.*

	*24th*	*At 8 am sounded on cape Lagullis bank. 75 fathom black sand.*

	*25th*	At 3 am saw lights on the shore bearing N. wore ship,- at daylight cape ... bore W by N,- shook reefs out topsails,- set courses and main topgallant sail, at 8 am wind NE. course NW by W 112 W, at 8 pm wind haul'd round to W, boarded our starboard tacks.

	*26th*	*At 8 pm put her under double reef'd topsails, reef'd courses & fore topmast staysail.*

	*27th*	*At 12 noon exchanged signals with a French ship, at 4 pm shook all reefs out and sett main top gallant sail course WNW.*

	*28th*	*At 10 am put her under close reifd fore and main topsails,-reef'd fore sail and fore top mast staysail, course W.*

	*29th*	*At 6 am course WNW,- shook all reefs out, sett main top gallantsail, at 2 pm.*

		*[2] fresned: writer may have meant 'freshened "to imply strong breeze (19-24 mph) increasing to gale proportion.*

		*[3] jib boom: a sparfonning a continuation of a bowsprit.*

*1843*

*June*	*29th*	*At 2 pm wind SSE,- set all stunsails,- got a jib boom out.*

	*30th*	*At 6 am course NW, wind SE, at 12 noon course NNW 112 W.*

*July*	*1st*	*Wind W by S,- took in all stunsails.*

	*3rd*	*Wind SE. set all studdingsails, spoke Dutch brig.*

	*4th*	*Wind NN,- took in-do & single reef'd topsails, at 4 pm put her under double reef'd topsails, fore sail and fore topmast staysail.*

	*5th*	*At 4 am stow'd fore sail, fore topmast staysail & mizzen topsail & close reef'd fore and maintop sails,- wind N. at 8 pm sett reef'd foresail and fore topmast staysail.*

	*6th*	*At 2 pm wind WSW, shook all reefs out.*

	*7th*	*At 8 am wind SW. sett stunsails, course NNW.*

	*9th*	*Wind SSE. course N by W 112 W.*

	*12th*	*Course NNW.*

	*13th*	*At 11 pm spoke Whaler "Israel "of New Bedford from Madagascar[]].*

	*15th*	*Bent the chains.*

	*16th*	*At 4 pm made St. Helena bearing NW by N. at 6 pm took in all stunsails and logd'd till daylight.*

		*[1] Madagascar: a former French island colony in the Indian Ocean.*

*1843*

*July*	*17th*	*At 9 am came to anchor at the foot of ladder hill in 30fathom water & watered ship. at 7 pm got under weigh again and sail'd for cork, - course N by W 112 W.*

	*18th*	*Course NNW.*

	*22nd*	*At 11 pm Ascention bore E. 10 miles.*

	*23rd*	*Course N 112 W wind S.*

	*26th*	*At II pm crossed the line, course N 112 W.*

	*30th*	*Wind SW.*

*Aug.*	*1st*	*Course N by W,- wind variable.*

	*3rd*	*Lat 13. 10N calm.*

	*4th*	*Wind about NNE, laying up NW,- exchanged signals with Bremen [21 barque bound S.*

	*8th*	Wind NE laying NNW,- spoke ship "England" of Liverpool; 113 days fto in Bombay bound to Marseilles. Our allowance of bread which has been but 314 lb per day since 30 April was reduced today unto 112 lb & very bad at that.

	*9th*	*Wind E,- reef'd topsails,- course N by E.*

	*10th*	*Wind NE lay N by W.*

	*13th*	*Lat 23.12 N, Lon 3 7 W,- wind ESE course NE by N.*

		*[2] Bremen: a small state in N West Germat7y.*

*1843*

*July*	*14th*	*Wind E by N. laying up N by E.*

	*15th*	*Our allowance of water reduced to 3 quarts.*

	*18th*	*Laying up N,-fell in again with the "England'.*

	*20th*	*Lower'd the quarter boat and boarded the England & got 4 bags of bread from her.*

	*21st*	*Lat 36.51 N Lon 39.53 W. at 4 pm parted company with the "England ",-she bearing away for the straits of Gibralter.*

	*22nd*	*Calm.*

	*23rd*	*Light breeze from N,- ship laying up ENE,-boarded Am. whaling brig 'Quito "of Sapican [?] 14 months out,- got a mess of potatoes from her.*

	*24th*	*Wind about NE,- laying up ESE.*

	*25th*	*Laying up E.*

	*26th*	*Wind W. course ENE.*

	*27th*	*At 11 pm made the island of Flores right ahead kept away E by S wind NW.*

	*28th*	*At 2 am kept her ENE. at 6 am Corro [?] bore N.*

	*29th*	*Calm.*

	*30th*	*Wind SW. course ENE. painted ship.*

	*31st*	*Allowed 314 lb bread per day again.*

*Sep*	*2nd*	*Calm,- embargo taken off bread and water,-full allowance.*

*1843*

*Sept*	*3rd*	*At 4 pm breeze from E. lay NNE.*

	*4th*	*Lay up NE by E. 5th lay up E by N.*

	*7th*	*Wind SSE,- course E. at 4 pm made the Skelling rocks. bearing E by S. at 6pm spellings bearing SE,- tack'd ship lay SW. at midnight tack'd ship; lay ENE.*

	*8th*	*At 7 am Skellings bearing SE by E,- tackd ship; lay SSW. at 12 noon tack'd ship,- lay NE by E. at 4 pm Skellings bearing WNW 10 miles,- tack'd ship; lay SW. at 7pm Bull rock bore E 10 miles.*

	*9th*	*At 4 am tack'd ship,- lay NW by W. at 8 am do [1]. at 12 noon do []],- lay E 112 S,- at 7pm tack'd ship E by N,- at 10 pm wind hauld round to WSW course SE by S. foggy.*

	*10th*	At 2 am Cape lighgtflight?] bore N. at 7pm Cork pilot boat boarded us with orders to proceed to Liverpool. course E by S. at 10 am Old head bore N 15 miles, at 4 pm course E 112 S wind S. at 7pm wind chop'd round to NW & freshned to a gale,-put her under close reef'd topsails and fore topmast staysail,- course E by N, at 12 course ENE.

		*[1] do: probably "ditto "to indicate repeated activity.*

*1843*

*Sep*	*11th*	At 10 am abated shook reefs out,- sett course,-topgallant sails & course NE by E. at 4 pm Bardsey bore E 10 miles,- at 5 pm wind shifted to NE, lay NNW, at 7pm Houth light bearing NW by W,- tackd ship lay ESE.

	*12th*	*At 4 am tack'd ship; lay NNW,- at 8 am tack'd ship,- laying up E.*

	*13th*	*At 10 am Holyhead bore E 15 miles. wind E by N,- lay N by E.*

	*14th*	*At 10 am S. Stack bore SW by S 7 miles,-tack'd ship,- lay NNE,- at 10 112 am Skeny's bore E 114 mile,- at 7 pm boarded by pilot boat No. 8,- got pilot.*

	*15th*	*At 9 am steam tug "Albert "took us in tow,- at 8 pm came to anchor off George's pier head.*

	*16th*	*At 3 am ul'd into the Princes dock.*

	*22nd*	*Paid off at Thomas Ripley's office back castle street.*

*Oct*		*Shipped on board of ship "Liverpool' and received double note at 2 LBs per month.*

	22	*Sign'd Articles to go to Hong Kong or any other part of China, or any part of the world at the Masters or Consigner's option,- voyage not to exceed two years, wages 2 LBs per month.*

	*26th*	*At 12 noon haul'd out of the Princes dock & taken in tow by a steamer,- at 12 midnight steamer drop'd us.*

	*27th*	*Very heavy gale from NW,- put her under close reef'd fore & main topsails.*

	*28th*	*Moderated. shook all reefs out.*

	*29th*	*At 6 am Bardsey,- bore E, wind WNW,-laying up SE,- at 4 pm wind S.*

	*30th*	*At 6 am Tuscar,- bore N, course W by S 112 S. at 12 noon wind NE,- course WSW,- spoke barque E ... of Liverpool,- out 5 months from Singapore for Liverpool.*

*Nov*	*1st*	*Wind S. double reef'd the topsails, ship very laboursome & very leaky.*

	*2nd*	*Wind NW, course SW by W,- spoke barque "Arethusa "of Liverpool from Batavia [1] bound to Liverpool.*

	*4th*	*Wind N,- set stunsails.*

	*6th*	*Wind NE.*

		*[1] Batavia: a former Dutch name for Djakarta, a seaport in and the capital of Indonesia on the NW coast of Java.*

*1843*

*Nov*	*8th*	*Wind NE, course SW.*

	*12th*	*Course SW 112 W.*

	*12th*	*Course SW.*

	*14th*	*Wind light & variable.*

	*15th*	*At 4 am breeze sprang up from SE,- at 6 pm breeze freshned,- took in studdingsails and top gallansails, at 8 pm double reefd mizen &single reef'd fore and main topsails, plenty rain.*

	*17th*	*Wind variable.*

	*19th*	*Calm.*

	*20th*	*At 6 am light breeze sprang up from NE,-course SW by S. Lat 21.23 N. Lon 26 W, at 11 pm spoke ship "Princess Parella from Amsterdam for Batavia.*

	*21st*	*Course SSW.*

	*22nd*	*Course S by W.*

	*23rd*	*At daylight St. Antonia (one of the Cape de Verds),- bore E 20 miles, course S by E 112 E.*

	*24th*	*Course SSE.*

	*26th*	*Wind variable and squally.*

	*28th*	*Light breeze from N.*

*Dec*	*[?]*	*variable and squally with rain.*

		**[] Writer entered 'October first entry on this page, which is an obvious error, as previous page begins entries for Nov.***

*1843*

*Dec*	*2nd*	*Light breeze from W,- spoke a Spanish barque bound to the southward,- Long 26 31 W,- caught a porpoise.*

	*4th*	*Wind S,- lay up ESE.*

	*5th*	*At 9 am wind sprang up from N,- course S by E.*

	*6th*	*At 8 am moderated,- sett fore topmast stunsail, -at 4 pm died away.*

	*7th*	*At 3 am breeze sprang up from SSW,- lay up SE. at 10 am tackd ship and the wind veering to S,- lay up SW.*

	*10th*	*At 9 am crossed the line in 19.15 W. wind SSE,- lay up SW.*

	*14th*	*Wind SE by S. lay SW by S. Lat. 5.27S, Lon. 22.27W. ship very leaky and the pumps very bad.*

	*18th*	*Wind ESE,- lay S.*

	*20th*	*At 10 pm wind E by N,- course SSE,- sett fore topmast stunsail.*

	*22nd*	*Wind NE,- course SE by S,- sett stunsails.*

	*24th*	*Wind E,- took in studdingsails.*

	*26th*	*light and variable,-found two leaks under the bows,- stood it,- ship made less water.*

*1844*

*Jan.*	*1st*	*Wind E by S,- lay up S. by E.*

	*2nd*	*Wind NE,- course ESE,- sett studdingsails larboar[d] side.*

	*3rd*	*Lat. 33.50 S. wind AIW,- course SE by S. at 12 midnight took in stunsails,- there bay a cross sea on.*

	*4th*	*At 4 am put her under foresail, main topsail & double reef'd fore & mizen topsails,12 noon wind W. course ESE.*

	*5th*	*At 4 am shook reefs out & made sail. at 8 am sett studdingsails.*

	*6th*	*Wind N,- course SE by S.*

	*8th*	*Wind variable, at 8 pm sprang up from NNE,- course SE by E.*

	*10th*	*At 4 pm wind became variable.*

	*11th*	*At 8 am wind NE,- course SE by E.*

	*12th*	*Wind NW,- at 4 pm SE,- lay up NE.*

	*13th*	*, variable, course SE.*

	*14th*	*Wind NNE course SE,- sett stunsails.*

	*15th*	*Very light air from NW.*

	*16th*	*Lat. 36.40 S. Lon 7.43 E,- wind WNW,- lay up course SE.*

*1844*

*Jan.*	*17th*	*At 6 am wind SSW,- lay up SE by E,- at 6 pm wind SE.*

	*18th*	*At 6 am wind N,- at 12 noon NW.*

	*19th*	*At 2 am ... SE,- lay ENE,- at 4 am tack'd ship,- lay SSW,- at 8 am wind NE,- sett stunsails. course SE by E.*

	*20th*	*Wind N.*

	*21st*	*At 8 am wind SW. at 4 SE in stunsails. Lat. 39.6S. Lon. 18.6E, exchanged signals with a Dutch barque steering as ourselves.*

	*22nd*	*At 2 pm tack ship,- lay up S by W,- at 6pm lay up SE by E*

	*23rd*	*At 6am wi N,- course SE by E,- sett stunsails. Lat. 39.9 S. Lon. 21.26E. at 12 noon wind NW.*

	*24th*	*Strong breeze from W. course SE by E 112 E.*

	*25th*	*Wind SE at 2 pm,- tack ship,- lay S.*

	*26th*	*Breeze SE,- course SE by E.*

	*27th*	*At 1 am breeze chopd round to SSW,- at am wind SE,- tack'd ship; lay N.*

	*28th*	*Wind N, course SE by E.*

	*29th*	*11 SW,- at 12 midnight N.*

	*31st*	*Lat 39.40 S. Lon 41.16E. wind NE,- lay SE.*

*1844*

*Feb*	*1st*	*Wind NE by N,- course ESE.*

	*2nd*	*11 NW,- course SE by E 112 E.*

	*5th*	*Wind WNW,- course SE by E 112 E.*

	*6th*	*Lat 39.41 S. Lon. 61.23 E. wind NW,- course E.*

	*9th*	*Course E by S.*

	*11th*	*Course ESE.*

	*12th*	*At daylight fell calm, island of St. Pauls bore SSE 15 miles, island of Amsterdam,- bore NE 25 miles,- at 12 noon breeze sprang up from N,-course ESE.*

	*13th*	*Wind N. course E by S.*

	*15th*	*Course E. at 5 pm wind chop'd round to S.*

	*17th*	*Wind SE,- lay up ENE,- at 12 midnight tack ship,-lay up SSW.*

	*18th*	*At 7 am tack'd ship,- lay ENE,- at 11 pm tack'd ship lay up.*

	*19th*	*Lay up SE,- wind ENE.*

	*20th*	*Laying ESE, at 4 pm lay up E.*

	*21st*	*Wind about NNW, laying up NE by E. Lat 3 7 S. Lon 98 E.*

	*22nd*	*Wind NW, course NE.*

	*23rd*	*" WNW.*

*1844*

*Feb*	*25th*	*At 6 am wind haul'd round to SE,- course NE. Lat 33.57S. Lon. 102 E. at 8 pm course NE by N,- trades [11 very strong.*

	*29th*	*Lat. 25.48S. Lon 107E. course NNE.*

*March*	*1st*	*Wind S. course N by E 112 E.*

	*4th*	*Put the anchors on the forecastle, trades very light.*

	*5th*	*Lat. 16.40S. Lon ]]]E.*

	*8th*	*Wind SW.*

	*9th*	*11 W,- bent the chains, at 5 pm fell calm.*

	*11th*	*Wind very light and variable,- ship making the best of it towards the E.*

	*12th*	*At daylight made the E side of the island of Java,- nwunt ... bearing N by E island of bearing E 15 miles.*

	*16th*	*At daylight breeze sprang up from ESE, island of Bali,- bore NNE 6 leagues.*

	*18th*	*At daylight island of Lumboc,- bore NNE, 7 leagues. wind about E.*

	*19th*	*At daylight wind about E,- lay up NNE, at 10 am SE end of Bali bearing NNE,- finding she would not weather it, squar'd away thro' the straits of Bali. Lumboc bearing ENE.*

		[1] trades: probably referring to trade winds: winds prevailing over the oceans from about 30 degrees north latitude to about 30 degrees south latitude, and blowing from northeast to southwest in the Northern Hemisphere, and from southeast to northwest in the Southern Hemisphere toward the equator.

*1844*

*March*	*19th*	*At 7 pm put her under 3 topsails and jib and dodg'd till daylight.*

	*20th*	*At 5 am wind ESE,- made all sail course thro the straits as far as Banguwanga; NW by N where we brought up at 2 pm in 14fathom water,-hoisted out the pinnace. Fort Utrecht.*

	*21st*	*Watered ship.*

	*22nd*	*At 10 am got under weigh with breeze from SSW, course NNE. at 3 pm wind haul'd round to ESE, course AE.*

	*23rd*	*At 9 am pass'd between some small islands,- course after coming thro' NW, wind SE.*

	*24th*	*At 12 noon course NW by N, at 6pm course NNW.*

	*25th*	*Course NW by W. at 6 pm island of Lubec bore SW 20 miles.*

	*27th*	*At noon course NW.*

	*28th*	*At noon .. NW by W 112 W.*

	*29th*	*At 8 am course N wind SSE.*

	*0th*	*At 6 am course NW by N,- at 8 am fell calm, brought up with stream anchor in 17fathom water, the current setting towards the SW,- at 4 pm got under weigh with breeze from SE, course NW by W.*

*1844*

*March*	*31st*	at 2 am a very heavy squall from the east-ward struck us, took in all sail but topsails,- haul'd out topsail reef'd under, at 5 am brou't up with stream anchor in 20fathoms water,- at 8 am got under weigh with breeze NE course NW. island Caramatta bearing N 20 miles, at 10 pm let go the stream again in 20fathom water.

*April*	*1st*	*At 8 am got under weigh,- wind ENE,- noon ENE, at 8 112 pm let go again.*

	*2nd*	*At 2 am weighd anchor with breeze from E, course N by W 112 W, at 8 am let go again, at 10 am got under weigh again, wind E course NNW, island of bore NE Caramata.*

	*3rd*	At 8 am breeze dying away,- brought up again Caramata bearing ESE,-at 10 am weigh'd anchor. at 12 let go again,- at 3 pm weigh'd anchor, wind SE. course NW by N,- lost sight of Caramata thro' the night.

	*7th*	Wind E course NNW,- at am made the island of St. Barbe bearing N by W,-haul'd up to N by E, at 2 pm bearing W 6 miles,- sent the boat ashore, but they could [not] find landing place,- at 6 pm wind hauling to NNE,- kept away to the S of the island & the haul on a wind agin,- lay up NW.

*1844*

*April*	*8th*	*Saw a homeward bounder steering S,- at 9 am wind haul'd to SW, course NNE,- at 6 pm a group of small islands,- bore E about 10 miles.*

	*10th*	*At 4 am wind ENE, lay up N,- at 9 pm breeze dying away,- brought up with stream in 45fathom,- Saddle island bearing SSE.*

	*11th*	*At 6 am weigh'd anchor with light air from SE,- course NNE. at 6 am brought up with small stream in 50fathom water,- at 11 pm got under weigh with light breeze from NW, course NNE.*

	*12th*	*Variable at 6 pm,- light air from SW.*

	*14th*	*Breeze ENE, course N.*

	*15th*	*Calm. at 11 am breeze sprang up from SW at midnight fall calm.*

	*16th*	*At 12 noon breeze SSW, course N 112 W, at 4 pm calm.*

	*17th*	*At 4 am breeze sprang up from SW.*

	*18th*	*Course N, wind SSE.*

	*19th*	*Lat 6 N, course N by E wind S,- saw a barque steering to the southward.*

	*21st*	*course NNE.*

	*22nd*	*At 4 pm wind haul'd to N; lay up ENE,- at 12 midnight wind hauling to NE,- tack'd ship,- lay up _?_ by NW.*

*April*	*23rd*	At 7 am heavy squall from the S, lay up NNE,- at 8 pm light air from ESE,- course NE by N,- spoke barque "Myra "[?] of Greenock 10 days from China for Sincapore to look for a freight, this being very low in China.

	*24th*	*Wind light and variable; at 4 pm lay up N.*

	*25th*	*Laying up NNE, at 5 pm broke off to NNW Lat 10. 4 N.*

	*26th*	At 8 am Cape St. James, Coast of Cochin China, bore W 15 miles,-at 12 noon wind SE, course ENE, at 6 pm spoke barque "Asia "of London from Sincapore for Hong Kong,- at 7 breeze sprang up from NE,- tack ship lay up E by S.

	*27th*	*Breeze freshened,- at 4 pm took in top gallant sails-at 8 pm took a reef in fore a mizzen topsails.*

	*28th*	*At 7 am sett top gallant sails, at 4 pm took in do at 5 pm split the jib unbent it & bent another at 6 pm took a reef in main topsail and haul'd the mainsail, snug up.*

	*29th*	*At 6 am shook reefs out,- sett top gallant sails and main royal,- we have not gain'd anything since 27th.*

	*30th*	*Lat 10. 45,-at 2 pm fell calm,- at 7 pm breeze sprang up from SW,- at 9 pm sett all stunsails,- course NE.*

		*do: probably "ditto "to indicate repeat of prior activity.*

*1844*

*May*	*1st*	*At 4 am took in all stunsails,- at 7 am set the studding sail again,- at 4 pm fell calm,- at 10 pm breeze sprang up from NE. close haul'd again.*

	*2nd*	*Fell in again with the "Asia ",-at 6 pm fell calm,-At 9 pm a heavy squall from S which haul'd to E,-midnight fell calm.*

	*3rd*	*At 8 am light breeze from SW,- sett stunsails course NNE.*

	*4th*	*Course N by E.*

	*5th*	*Course N.*

	*6th*	Course N by W,- at 11 am lowered the boat and boarded ship "Madrass "of Hull from Bombay for China. At 2 pm the Cook Peter Perry[?] of London died after a severe illness. at 5 pm his body was committed to the deep.

	*7th*	*Wind light and variable; at 10 am breeze sprang up from NE,- lay up NW,- at 10 pm fell calm.*

	*8th*	*At 3 pm breeze sprang up from E,- course N,- Lat 13.8 at 6 pm course N by E.*

	*9th*	*Wind variable, at 4 pm breeze sprang up from E course N.*

	*11th*	*Course NNE,- Lat 16.26N. Lon 110 E.*

*1844*

*May*	*12th*	*Wind variable, course NE by N. saw the island of Haiman bearing about NW,- at 4 pm breeze from ...*

	*13th*	*Wind light and variable; at 4pm breeze sprang up from ESE,- course NE.*

	*14th*	*Wind about E by S,- lay up NNE. Lat 18.41 N. Lon 1]] E,- coast of Haiman in sight.*

	*16th*	*Wind about SE; course ENE,- set fore topmast stunsail.*

	*17th*	*Laying up NE by N, carrying stunsails weather side.*

	*18th*	*At 5 am got a pilot on board, course NE by E,- the grand Ladrone bearing N,- at 2 pm course N by E,-at 19 pm let go the anchor at the mouth of Hong Kong bay.*

	*19th*	*At 3 pm got under weigh and beat up to the head of the harbour.*

	*20th*	*Unbent the sails, and moor'd ship.*

	*21st*	*Commenced to discharge cargo.*

*June*	*3rd*	*Very squally,- obliged to send down topgallant masts and yards.*

	*6th*	*John Tallmon seaman, a native of Kircubben aged 25 years, died of the dissentry.*

	*17th*	*Commenced taking in Cassia [1].*

	*24th*	*Commenced taking in ballast.*

		*[1] Cassia: the bark (cassia bark) of certain tropical evergreen trees, used like cinnamon: also called Chinese cinnamon.*

*1844*

*June*	*26th*	*William Patterson, a native of Whitehaven aged ... years died after a lingering illness.*

	*27th*	*Completed taking in 1000 boxes of Cassia.*

*July*	*1st*	*David Hill, seaman entered on board of H. M. S. "Castor".*

	*4th*	*Rove running gear & bent sails, finished discharging outward bound cargo.*

	*5th*	*Completed ballasting.*

	*6th*	*Hoisted in pinnace and lash'd spars.*

	*7th*	*Sent up short main top gallantmast & yard.*

	*8th*	*At 5 am got under weigh and came down to the entrance of the bay and brought up again.*

	*9th*	*At 4 am got under weigh and sail'd for Manilla with pilot on board,- at 10 am pilot left us,- wind about SE,- course S by W 112 W.*

	*10th*	*At 5 pm wind about ENE,- set fore topmast,- lower studdingsails.*

	*11th*	*Sett studdingsails on both sides; course S by W.*

	*12th*	*Wind light and variable,- took in all studdingsails.*

	*14th*	*Light breeze from E,- course S,- sett studding-sais larboard side.*

*1844*

*July*	*15th*	Very squally, at 2 pm came on to blow from the SW,- put her under single reef'd main, and double reef'd fore & mizzen topsails, fore topmast-staysails spanker, course SSE, at 6 pm wind about S, lay up ESE.

	*16th*	*At 2 am sett the courses, jib & spanker,- at 6 am shook all reefs out, sett main topgallant sails.*

	*17th*	*Laying up SSE.*

	*18th*	*At 4 pm wind about W by S course S.*

	*19th*	*At 3 pm sett fore topmast studdingsail,- course SSE.*

	*20th*	*Wind variable, course SE.*

	*21st*	*Wind W,- at 8 am course ESE, at 12 noon course E by S 112 S, wind N.*

	*22nd*	*At 12 noon E 112 S, wind W.*

	*23rd*	*At daylight made the island of Luzon, course E,- at 12 noon course E by N,- 5 pm course ENE,- very squally with rain,- at 9 pm brot' up in 9fathom water at the entrance of Manilla bay.*

	*24th*	*At 4 am got under weigh with very light air from ATW course about NE,- at pm brought*

*1844*

*July*	*24th*	*up in 7fathom water the lighthouse bearing NE about 3 miles.*

*1844*

*Aug*	*15th*	*1695 bags of sugar and 50 tons of dye wood into us.*

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