Most of the information available regarding African Americans in 19th century Cazenovia, Fenner and Nelson is in its rawest form - single entries in primary records such as census lists, vital statistics, and cemetery records.  I have found only four instances where African Americans are even mentioned in our local history books outside of a few confused references to the Anti-Fugitive Slave Law Convention in Cazenovia in 1850 and various abolitionist activities of the mid-19th century (Hugh Humphrey's incredible work on the Convention excepted)
        Most Blacks in Cazenovia, like anywhere else in 19th and early 20th century America, remained on the lowest rung of the socio-economic ladder.  Because of this status they, like their white tenant farmer counterparts, rarely owned land, usually worked for other people, often moved from place to place, and were generally absent from or did not take an active part in community affairs.  I have a feeling they attended functions but they hung to the sides and kept quiet knowing they could not fully participate.  For these reasons they never ended up with mentions in the newspapers or history books.  In addition to the lack of historical record there has been little interest in their genealogy and a study of their history has been sorely lacking.
        There have been Blacks and Black families in Cazenovia from nearly the first days of settlement (1793).  By 1800 the census for the Town of Cazenovia lists 9 Slaves and 17 individual Free Blacks (who show in the record as "Other") who lived within the present bounds of the Towns of Cazenovia, Fenner, and Nelson.  Neighboring Smithfield contained two distinct settlements of "Other" Free Blacks.  Slavery was legal in New York until 1827 and several wealthier families held slaves who appear to have worked as house servants, and in shops and mills in the village.
        Two of the families listed in the 1800 census are exceptions to what is typical for Free Black families in the uplands region of Central New York.  James Peters and Nathan Gilbert, listed as "other" in the 1800 census, lived next door to each other (or in the same house?) on what is now No. Nine Road south of Cazenovia Village.  Holland Land Company records show that they purchased Lot 57 of the Road Township Reservation in February 1800.  They also show up on the 1805 Town Tax List with personal property.  A blacksmith shop that stood on their property in later years indicates that they might have been blacksmiths by trade.
        These two men are also the only mentions of Blacks in any of our histories.  In 1883 Henry Severance wrote in his "History of School District No. Nine" that two colored men, named only "Jim and Nathan," lived along No. Nine Road, which was at one time called "nigger street."  It appears that both men left Cazenovia by 1810 as they are not on the census and Severance notes that they went to the "Genesee Country"
        Some of the Slaves and Free Blacks in the various records are listed only by a single name.  John Lincklaen had a Slave named Caesar (another had an equally Roman name, but I can't recall it now).  One of the Blacks in Lincklaen's household at the time of his death in 1822 was a young woman named Harriet.  She was listed in his will as "a mulatto girl, Harriet, not considered a slave".  Interpret from that what you may.
        A Black man in Nelson was named simply Plymouth in the 1800 census but later records show that he adopted an appropriate surname and became known as "Plymouth Freeman".  Some other men are known by first name only.
        Two other Blacks that have some record which will allow us to construct more history than to note that they were here are Peter A. Tousaint and Nannette Hill Bromley, both of whom lived in the Village of Cazenovia in the middle of the 19th century.
        Peter A. Tousaint was a barber in a shop on Albany Street and was an apparently popular fellow.  Tousaint, listed in records as a mulatto, was a native of Massachusetts who came to Cazenovia in and was active in the village for a decade or so following.  I do not know the date, but when he was on a visit to New Orleans he got involved in a riot and was killed.  His son, John Tousaint, carried on his barbershop through the 1880s.
        Nannette Hill came to Cazenovia from Cantn, NY and was married to John Bromley in Cazenovia in 1847, at the age of 41 years.  He appears to have died or left her shortly after their marriage, for in 1850 and thereafter she is noted as simply Nannette Bromley on maps, census records, and other sources.  She lived in a small house on Nelson Street in the Village for many years.  One source indicates that she had come to Cazenovia in 1825, but this is probably an error as she was seems to have lived in Canton until she was married.  She died in 1879, age 90 years.
        Most of my research on local history has focused on the several generations immediately following pioneer settlement (1793 to c. 1860) and thus I have little information on local residents of African American ancestry in the late 19th and throughout the 20th century.  In fact, this period is marked by a shrinking population of blacks in the community, although at least one or a few remain present at all times, and they still remaining among the lower class and working poor.
        I do, however have some information gleaned from later census records:
        On the 1880 Census of the Town of Cazenovia there are 38 individuals whose Race is given as Black.  These fall mostly into eight different families who primarily lived in the Village of Cazenovia.  The families were named Brown, Brush (orBruce), Douglas, Haines, Henderson, Johnson, Persette (?) and Stevenson.  Some appear as individuals in other households.  None had particularly skilled occupations, being in what we would today call the service industry.  Mostly servants or laborers, but five were barbers, three were hostlers, and one each were coachman, cook and hairdresser.  Place of birth of the individual as well as their parents is given and although I expected that the majority of them would be former slaves or their descendants.  Twenty seven were old enough to have been born before 1865, but only four (4) of the 38 Blacks had a been born in a slave state, 14 had a Father born in a slave state (1 "South, rest VA and MD, two others not known), and only eight (8) had a mother born in a slave state (5 MD and VA, 2 TX, 1 AL, two others not known).
        Examination of the 1920 Federal Census shows that there were no black families in the Towns of Fenner or Nelson and none outside the village of Cazenovia, and then only two families, the extended Douglass family, and the elderly Johnsons are found.

        I hope this listing of notes regarding the African American families and individuals of Cazenovia, Fenner, and Nelson can help us to better understand their role in the early community.

Names Unknown
"Lucas"
"Plymouth" (see Plymouth Freeman)
Bennett, Benjamin & Family
Bromley, Nannette Hill & Family
Brown, Joseph
Brown, John
Brown, Thomas (son of Joseph Brown)
Bruce, James (child)
Conway, George 20:00 7/24/05
Curtis, Ellura
Deaver, Isaac
Douglass, Buena Vista & Family
Dunbar, Theodore
Freeman, Loyal (Friman)
Freeman, Plymouth
Gardiner, Jane A.
Gilbert, Nathan and wife Lucy Gilbert
Haines, Ariette & Family
Hill, Nannette (see Nannette Hill Bromley)
Jackson, Diana & Family
Johnson, Elias & Family
Johnson, Frank
Johnson, George & Family
Johnson, Isaac & Family
Johnson, Milton Lionald (child)
Johnson, Uriah & Family
Langley, Dinah & Family
Patterson, William & Family
Perkins, Almon
Peters, Duane
Peters, James
Peters, Samuel
Robinson, James
Robinson, William & Family
Stevenson, John & Family (Stephenson)
Tousaint, Peter A. & Family
Tousley, Alice
Tucker, Thomas & Family
Tyler, John & Family
Tyler, Joseph & Family
Waggoner, James
White, Anna Douglass & Family
Wood, James
Wright, William
 
 

Names Unknown

Atwell, 1912, Cazenovia, Past and Present, page 33 (discussing the use of the Village Green in the north part of the Village around the time of the War of 1812).
"Along in these days, too, the out-door shows that visited Cazenovia pitched their tents on the Green; many plays were staged.  There was a certain character in town who had a most pronounced antipathy to all enterprises of this nature.  This character was a colored woman who had positive notions on social economy, and she never hesitated to voice them.  So when these show people gathered on the Green, she would go into their midst and there harangue them for a half hour at a time on the wickedness of their coming to town to take money from poor people."

1800 Census, Town of Cazenovia (includes many towns including all of Cazenovia, Fenner, and Nelson).
1 Slave in the household of Hendrick DeClercq, (Clurq, Henry D.), Page 964, Line 13 (Town of Cazenovia, Gentleman Farmer).
3 Slaves in the household of Jonathan Forman, Page 966, Line 6 (Village of Cazenovia, Post Master).
5 Slaves in the household of John Lincklaen, Page 966, Line 7 (Village of Cazenovia, Land Agent and Attorney).
1 "Other" in the household of William Whipple, Page 966, Line 15 (Village of Cazenovia, Carpenter).
(several "Other" families [Pickard, Dennie <Indian>] in the present Towns of Smithfield and Sullivan are not included here - please contact me for more information.)

1810 Census, Town of Cazenovia.
1 "Other" in household of Jabish N.M. Hurd, Page 730, Line 10 (Village of Cazenovia, Post Master and Merchant)
1 "Other" and 1 Slave in household of Perry G. Childs, Page 730, Line 11 (Village of Cazenovia, Attorney).
3 Slaves in household of John Lincklaen, Page 730, Line 16 (Village of Cazenovia, Land Agent and Attorney).
2 Slaves in household of Samuel S. Forman, Page 730, Line 18 (Village of Cazenovia, Merchant).
1 Slave in household of Luke Woolcott, Page 733, Line 8 (Town of Cazenovia, occupation unknown [farmer?]).
1 "Other" in household of David Billings, Page 740, Line 2 (Town of Cazenovia, Mill Owner).

1810 Census, Town of Smithfield (includes majority of Fenner).
(there are no identified African American families in the present Town of Fenner in 1810).
(several "Other" families [Baldwin, Fidler, Hull, Pembleton, Read, Welch] in the present Town of Smithfield are not included here - please contact me for more iformation).

1810 Census, Town of Nelson
1 Slave in household of Asahel Jackson, Page 720, Line 13 (northwest part of Town of Nelson, occupation unknown).
1 Slave in household of Selathiel Jackson, Page 720, Line 20 (northwest part of Town of Nelson, occupation unknown).
1 Slave in household of John Lord, Page 721, Line 10 (eastern part of the Town of Nelson?, Presbyterian Minister).
1 "Other" in household of Ira Alvord, Page 722, Line 24 (location and occupation unknown).
1 "Other" in household of J. Green (James Green?), Page 723, Line 22 (location and occupation unknown).
2 "Other" in household of Eri Richardson, Page 724, Line 17 (lived in Erieville [hamlet named for him], occupation unknown).

1820 Census, Town of Cazenovia.
1 Slave in household of John Rickard, Page 24, Line 32 (Town of Cazenovia, occupation unknown [farmer?]).
1 Free Colored Male age 45+ in household of Frederick I. Snell, Page 24, Line 43 (Town of Cazenovia, occupation unknown [farmer?]).
1 Free Colored Male age 14-25 in household of Luther Burnell, Page 35, Line 11 (Village of Cazenovia, Trip Hammer Works and Saw Mill).
1 Free Colored Female age 14-25 in household of John Lincklaen, Page 36, Line 22 (Village of Cazenovia, Land Agent and Attorney).
1 Free Colored Male age 0-13 in household of David B. Johnson, Page 36, Line 39 (Village of Cazenovia, Attorney).
1 Free Colored Male age 0-13 and 1 Free Colored Female age 14-25 in household of Samuel S. Forman, Page 36, Line 44 (Village of Cazenovia, Merchant).

1820 Census, Town of Smithfield (includes majority of Fenner).
(several Free Black individuals are listed in the Town of Smithfield, but none appear to be within the limits of the present Town of Fenner.  Some are in the household of reknown abolitionist Gerritt Smith).

1830 Census, Town of Cazenovia.
1 Free Colored Male age 10-23 in household of Henry Tuttle, Page 223, Line 8 (Town of Cazenovia, occupation unknown [farmer?]).
1 Free Colored Male age 10-23 in household of Ezra Atherton, Page 223, Line 11 (Town of Cazenovia, occupation unknown [farmer?]).
1 Free Colored Male age 10-23 in household of Benjamin B. Adams, Page 231, Line 3 (Town of Cazenovia, occupation unknown [farmer?]).
1 Free Colored Male 10-23 in household of Helen Lincklaen, Page 233, Line 19 (Village of Cazenovia, Widow of Land Agent and Attorney).
1 Free Colored Female 10-23 in household of William J. Hough, Page 236, Line 6 (Village of Cazenovia, Attorney).
1 Free Colored Male 36-54 in household of John Williams, Page 678, Line 3 (Village of Cazenovia, Merchant, Mill Owner, Builder).

1830 Census, Town of Fenner.
1 Free Colored Female 10-23, in household of Cornelius DeWitt, page 270, Line 12 (near Chittenango Falls, occupation unknown).

1830 Census, Town of Nelson
1 Free Colored Male age 0-9 in household of Nathan Smith, Page 373, Line 16 (near northwestern part of the Town of Nelson, occupation unknown).
1 Free Colored Male age 0-9 in household of Nehemiah Smith. Page 373, Line 27 (location and occupation unknown).

1840 Census, Town of Cazenovia.
1 Free Colored Female 24-35 in household of John Hearsey, Page 179, Line 23 (Village of Cazenovia, Mill Owner, Brewer, Cabinet Maker).

1840 Census, Town of Fenner.
1 Free Colored Male 10-23, in household of William Gillett, Page 47, Line 5 (location and occupation unknown).
1 Free Colored Male 10-23, in household of Alanson Burrows, Page 48, Line 7 (location and occupation unknown).
1 Free Colored Male 10-23, in household of Sylvester Northrup, Page 47, Line 5 (in the northeast part of the Town of Fenner, occupation unknown).

1840 Census, Town of Nelson
1 Free Colored Male 10-23, in household of Nathan Smith, Page 36, Line 11 (in northwestern part of the Town of Nelson, occupation unknown).
1 Free Colored Male 10-23, in household of Caleb Smith, Page 38, Line 31 (location and occupation unknown).

"Lucas"

1800 Census, Town of Cazenovia Page 982, Line 10
• Lucas, ______, (Lucas, ______), (lived in present Town of Cazenovia,) 4 "Others" (may be a free black or Indian known only as "Lucas".)

1830 Census, Town of Cazenovia, Page 232, Line 24.
• Benjamin Bennett, 1 Free Colored Male 0-9, 1 Free Colored Male 10-23, 1 Free Colored Male 24-35, 1 Free Colored Male 55-100, 1 Free Colored Female 0-9, 1 Free Colored Female 24-35.

Bromley, Nannette Hill & Family

William Tuttle's "Early Settlers of Madison County" or "10,000 Names" (an unreliable source)
• Bromley, Marnette, Colored woman who lived with John Williams' family in 1800.  (Neither John Williams or Nanette Bromley were in Cazenovia in 1800, although she may have lived in his household at a later date.  Williams had a Free Colored Male, Age 36-45 with his family in 1830, but no females.)

Marriage Records, Town of Cazenovia:


• Bromley, John, age 49, of Canton, married to Nannet Hill, age 41, of Cazenovia, October 25, 1847, by Rev. E.J. Gillet, of Cazenovia.

1850 Census, Town of Cazenovia. Family #1201, Dwelling #1076, Page 151, Line 39, age 48,

• Bromley, N.H., Black, (no occupation given), Age 48, Real Estate Valued at $200.00, Native of Maryland, household also includes Samuel Peters, Age 70, Black, Laborer, Native of Connecticut.


1855 Census, Town of Cazenovia, District #2, Dwelling #374, Family #406, Page 84, Line 14.

• Bromley, Nannette, Frame Dwelling Valued at $200, Age 65, Resident 30 Years, 1 in Household, no occupation listed, Black (more information is available in the original record - this is a summary only).

From Henry A. Coolidge, 1882, Flotsam. Privately Printed. (page 14)
Joe Brown, ex- fugitive slave, and not ashamed of his ebony, is unctious and full of rollicking gaiety.  When he dies, Cazenovia will lose a man too humble of estate to have an enemy, and who irradiated his daily life with a happy face and a cheerful, contented spirit.


1880 Census, Town of Cazenovia (no page or family numbers available)

• Brown, Joseph, Age 63, Married, Black, Occupied as Day Laborer, Native of MD, Parents Native of MD.
• Julia, Age 57, Wife, Married, Black, Occupied in Keeping House, Native of NY, Parents Native of NY.
• Thomas, Age 31, Son, Single, Black, Occupied as Hostler, Native of PA, Father Native of MD, Mother Native of NY.

1855 Census, Town of Cazenovia, District #2, Dwelling #239, Family #261, Page 69, Line 37.
• Brown, John, Frame Dwelling Valued at $250, Age 38, Resident 4 Years, 6 in Household, Occupied as Laborer, Black (more information is available in the original record - this is a summary only).

1870 Census, Town of Cazenovia, Village of Cazenovia. in Hotel of Perry Crandall (Cazenovia House), Dwelling #291, Family #292.
•  Brown, Thomas, Age 19, Black, Ostler in Hotel, born in New York.

Cazenovia Town Death Certificates, 1884-1916
• Bruce, James, single, Died April 3, 1885, age 2 days, Black, Died in Cazenovia, Buried in Cazenovia, NY, Death Certificate #31.

1855 Census, Town of Cazenovia, District #2, Dwelling #317, Family #344, Page 78, Line 12.
• Conway, George, Frame Dwelling Valued at $350, Age 33, Resident 2 months, 3 in Household, Occupied as Barber, Mulatto (more information is available in the original record - this is a summary only).

1901, New Woodstock and Vicinity, Past and Present, Mrs. Anzolette D. Ellsworth and Miss Mary E. Richmond, J.A. Loyster, Cazenovia, :129-130.
• Among the prominent members of the New Woodstock Woman's Anti-Slavery Society were Mrs. Nathaniel Pierce, and Mrs. Burton, wife of Henry Burton, who came to this place from Madison less than sixty years ago and purchased the farm where John Freeborn now resides.  Under the auspices of the society, Mr. and Mrs. Burton were induced to take a mulatto girl, Ellura Curtis, then about eleven years of age.  They educated and clothed her and when she reached the age of eighteen, wished to pay her wages.  She, however, would not accept them, preferring to be considered one of the family.  As time rolled on, the daughter, Laura Burton, married Wilbur Rugg, who died when her second child was a babe of a week.  Faithfully Ellura performed the part of nurse and sister, and as Mr. Burton grew old and lost his property, she remained the tireless, faithful worker, performing not only the household duties, but frequently doing a man's work in garden, field and forest.  In 1899 the life that had been so full of hard work went out, and the name of Ellura Curtis will be remembered and handed down to future generations as one, who for nearly fifty years, by duties well done and by countless sacrifices, richly repaid those who befriended her in her youth.
New Woodstock Baptist Church Cemetery
• Curtis, Ellura, died December 13, 1898, age 57 years.

1870 Census, Town of Cazenovia, Village of Cazenovia, Dwelling #292, Family #293.
• Deaver, Isaac, Age 26, Black, Barber, Native of New York.
• Deaver, Catharine, Age 30, Black, Keeps House, Native of New York.
• Friman (Freeman), Loyal, Age 24, Black, Works in Barber Shop, Native of New York.

1920 Census, Village of Cazenovia, (Enum. Dist 103), House #285, Family #299, Sheet 10B, lines 98, 99 & 100, and Sheet 11A, lines 1, 2 & 3.
Residents of Burr Street
• Douglass, Beuna V., Head of Family, Black, Age 75, native of New York, Father native of Maryland, Mother native of New York, Occupied as Barber, in his own shop.
• Douglass, Ruth, Wife, Black, Age 64, native of New York, parents native of New York, no occupation.
• Douglass, Frank, Son, Black, Age 45, Divorced, native of New York, occupied as Laborer, doing General Work.
• Douglass, Harry, Son, Black, Age 33, Single, native of New York, occupied as Painter, in a shop.
• White, Anna, Daughter, Black, Age 26, Divorced, native of New York, occupied as Maid, in Dancing Academy.
• White, Douglass, Grandson, Black, Age 6, native of New York, Father native of Canada.

 
1917 Rural Directory of Madison County:
• Douglass, Frank, wife Louise, Cook, lives on Burr St., Village of Cazenovia, Cazenovia Post Office.
• Douglass, Henry, Painter, lives on Burr St., Village of Cazenovia, Cazenovia Post Office.
• Douglass, Herbert, Chauffeur, lives on Burr St., Village of Cazenovia, Cazenovia Post Office.
• Douglass, Julia, lives on Burr St., Village of Cazenovia, Cazenovia Post Office.
• Douglass, V.B., wife Ruth, Barber, Owns Residence, lives on Burr St., Village of Cazenovia, Cazenovia Post Office.
• Douglass, Vista, Trainer, lives on Burr St., Village of Cazenovia, Cazenovia Post Office.
• White, Anna, Mrs., 1 child, Factory Work, lives on Burr St., Village of Cazenovia, Cazenovia Post Office.


Evergreen Cemetery Records:

• Douglass, Buena V., born 1845, died 1926.
• Douglass, Francis B., born 1874, died 1934.
• Douglass, Herbert W., born May 28, 1895, died August 11, 1964.
• Douglass, Ruth H., born 1861, died 1931.
• Douglass, Ten Eyck H., born 1888, died 1965.

 
Cazenovia Town Death Certificates, 1884-1916
• Douglass, Ruth Bernice, Died February 19, 1901, Death Certificate #1256.

Census Death Schedules.
• Dunbar, Theodore, black, single, died of consumption, March 25, 1875, age 25 years, died in Dist. 1 Nelson.

1870 Census, Town of Cazenovia, Village of Cazenovia, Dwelling #292, Family #293, in Household of Isaac Deaver.
• Friman (Freeman), Loyal, Age 24, Black, Works in Barber Shop, Native of New York.

William Tuttle's "Early Settlers of Madison County" or "10,000 Names" (an unreliable source).
• Freeman, Plymouth, Born 1755 and died August 25, 1829.  Veteran Rev. War. Served in the Conn. Line.  Pensioned $96 per year in 1818.  Lived in Smithfield in 1814, was there in 1808.


A letter written by Ebenezer Backus (in private collection, copy at Cazenovia Public Library) in April 1807 tells us that "a Negroe wooman the wife of old Plymouth" was among several people in the vicinity who had recently died.

1800 Census, Town of Cazenovia , Page 940, Line 4.

• Freeman, Plymouth, (Plymouth [no last name] in original record), (present Town of Nelson?), 7 "Others".


1820 Census, Town of Nelson, Page 63, Line 12.

• Freeman, Plymouth, 1 Free Colored male 26-44, 1 Free Colored Female 14-25.

1855 Census, Town of Fenner, in household of Seth Roberts, Dwelling #208, Family #212, Page 24, Line 33.
• Gardiner, Jane A., Age 57, Black, Servant, Nativity Unknown, resident 3 years, cannot read or write.

Holland Land Company Land Records
• James Peters + Nat. Gilbert, purchased 59.80 acres of Lot RTR 57 for $5.00 per acre on 2/26/1800 for a total price of $299.00; paid in full in 1805 (3:193).


Madison County Deeds

• John Lincklaen (HLCo) sold to Nathan Gilbert, 20.65 acres along the north side of Lot 57 RTR, April 4, 1806, price = $99.00 (Deed A:37).
• Nathan Gilbert (mortgaged to) Samuel S. Forman, the same property as in Mad. Co. Deed A:37), price = $268.45.  Lucy Gilbert, wife of Nathan Gilbert, is to receive six cents ($0.06) for her Right of Dowry (Deed A:39).


1800 Census, Town of Cazenovia.

• Gilbert, Nathan, Page 932, Line 17, present Town of Cazenovia, (5 "Others" enumerated with the family of James Peters).


1805 Town of Cazenovia Assessment Roll.

• Gilbert, Nathan, Real Estate valued at $90, Personal Estate valued at $30, Total Valuation = $120, Tax Due = $0.34.d

1880 Census, Town of Cazenovia (no page or family numbers available)
• Haines, Ariette, Age 49, Widowed, Black, Occupied in Keeping House, Native of NY, Parents Native of CT.
• Henry, Son, Age 31, Single, Black, Occupied as Barber, Native of CT, Father Native of CT, Mother Native of NY.
• Lavinia, Daughter, Age 29, Single, Black, Occupied as Hairdresser, Native of CT, Father Native of CT, Mother Native of NY.
• Also in household or dwelling are Anna Murch, a Widow, and her son George H., both White, ages 41 and 19.

Jackson, Diana & Family

1855 Census, Town of Cazenovia, District #3, Dwelling #234.2, Family #264, Page 132, Line 12.
• Jackson, Diana, (does not own dwelling), Age 30, Resident 2 Years, 2 in Household, no occupation listed, Colored (more information is available in the original record - this is a summary only).

1850 Census, Town of Fenner, Dwelling #1881, Family #2073, Page 255, Lines 23 to 28.
• Johnson, Elias W., Age 32, Black, Farmer, Native of New York.
• Johnson, Fedelia N., Age 22, Black, Native of New York.
• Johnson, Hellen M., Age 13, Black, Native of New York.
• Johnson, Uriah., Age 8 years, Black, Native of New York.
• Johnson, Emma J., Age 2 years, Black, Native of New York.
• Johnson, Ellen, Age 11 months, Black, Native of New York.

(they lived next door to Jared Black & Family!)

1880 Census, Town of Cazenovia (no page or family numbers available)
• Johnson, George, Age 29, Married, Black, Occupied as a Day Laborer, Native of NY, Parents Native of NY.
• Emma, Wife, Age 27, Married, Black, Occupied Keeping House, Native of NY, Parents Native of NY.
• unanmed child, Daughter, Age 3, Single, Black, Native of NY, Parents Native of NY.
1920 Census, Village of Cazenovia, (Enum. Dist 103), House #437, Family #453, Sheet 16A, lines 9 & 10.
Residents of Park Street
• Johnson, George, Head of Family, Black, Age 65, native of New York, parents native of New York, occupied as a Gardener for a private family.
• Johnson, Josephine, Wife, Black, Age 64, native of New York, parents native of the United StatesNew York, occupied as a Laundress, works at home.


1917 Rural Directory of Madison County:

• Johnson, George (Geo.), wife Josephine, Gardener, Owns Residence, lives on Park St., Village of Cazenovia, Cazenovia Post Office.


Evergreen Cemetery Records:

• Johnson, George W., born 1855, died 1924.
• Johnson, Florence Vanhorne, wife of George W. Johnson.
• Johnson, Cornelia A., daughter of George W. and Josephine Vanhorne Johnson, born 1887, died 1901.

See also Milton Lionald Johnson who may be a child of George and Josephine Johnson

1830 Census, Town of Nelson, Page 381, Line 6.
• Isaac Johnson, 2 Free Colored Males 10-23, 1 Free Colored Male 36-54, 1 Free Colored Female 10-23, 1 Free Colored Female 36-54.
1840 Census, Town of Fenner, Page 56, Line 23.
• Isaac Johnson, 1 Free Colored Male 36-54, 1 Free Colored Female, 10-23, 1 Free Colored Female 36-54.

Cazenovia Town Death Certificates, 1884-1916
• Johnson, Milton Lionald, single, Died August 19, 1884, Age 9 months, 17 days, Negro, Died in Cazenovia, Buried in Cazenovia, NY, Death Certificate #19.
He may be a child of George W. and Josephine Vanhorne Johnson

1840 Census, Town of Cazenovia, Page 178, Line 23.
• Uriah Johnson, 1 Free Colored Male 24-35, 1 Free Colored Female 24-35.

1830 Census, Town of Cazenovia, Page 213, Line 12.
Household of Dinah Langley, 2 Free Colored Males 0-9, 2 Free Colored Males 10-23, 1 Free Colored Male 24-35, 1 Free Colored Female 0-9, 2 Free Colored Females 10-23, 1 Free Colored Female 55-59.

1855 Census, Town of Fenner, Dwelling #82, Family #84, Page 9, Line 45, Page 10, Lines 1 and 2, (in hamlet of Chittenango Falls).
• Patterson, William, Age 30, resident 2 years, Laborer, Frame Dwelling Valued at $500.00, Native of Delaware.
• Patterson, Mary, Age 23, Wife, resident 2 years, Native of Delaware.
• Patterson, Sara E., Age 7 years, Daughter, resident 2 years, Native of Delaware.

1840 Census, Town of Cazenovia. Page 189, Line 3.
• In Household of Byram Perkins, 1 Free Colored Male 10-23.


1855 Census, Town of Cazenovia, District #2, Dwelling #66.1, Family #71, Page 51, Line 3.

• Perkins, Almon, Frame Dwelling Valued at $200, Age 36, Resident 36 Years, 5 in Household, Occupied as Farmer, Mulatto (more information is available in the original record - this is a summary only).

1855 Census, Town of Cazenovia, District #3, Dwelling #123, Family #134, Page 118, Line 44.
Peters, Duane, Frame Dwelling Valued at $50, Age 30, Resident 25 Years, 3 in Household, Occupied as Farmer, Black (more information is available in the original record - this is a summary only).

Peters, James (see Nathan Gilbert)

Holland Land Company Land Records
• James Peters + Nat. Gilbert, purchased 59.80 acres of Lot RTR 57 for $5.00 per acre on 2/26/1800 for a total price of $299.00; paid in full in 1805 (3:193).


1800 Census, Town of Cazenovia.

• Peters, James, Page 932, Line 16, present Town of Cazenovia, (5 "Others" enumerated with the family of Nathan Gilbert).


1805 Town of Cazenovia Assessment Roll.

• Peters, James, Real Estate valued at $215, Personal Estate valued at $30, Total Valuation = $245, Tax Due = $0.71.

Robinson, James

1855 Census, Town of Cazenovia, District #3, Dwelling #159.2, Family #173, Page 123, Line 6.
• Robinson, James, (does not own dwelling), Age 30, Resident 1 Year, 3 in Household, Occupied as Farmer, Black (more information is available in the original record - this is a summary only).

1840 Census, Town of Cazenovia, Page 182, Line 10.
• William Robinson, 1 Free Colored Male 24-35, 1 Free Colored Female 24-35.

1855 Census, Town of Fenner, Dwelling #146, Family #149, Page 16, Lines 44 and 45, Page 17, Line 1.
• Stevenson, John, Frame Dwelling Valued at $100.00, Age 27, Black, from Pennsylvania, resident 3 years, cannot read or write.
• Stevenson, Marthy A., Wife, Age 26, Black, Native of New Jersey, resident 3 years.
• Stevenson, Mary E., Daughter, age 1 year, Black, born Madison County.

1870 Census, Town of Cazenovia, Village of Cazenovia, Dwelling #285, Family #1286.
• Stephenson, John, Age 35, Black, Coachman, Real Estate valued at $600.00, native of Pennsylvania, cannot read or write.
• Stephenson, Marth, Age 30, Black, Keeps House, native of Pennsylvania, cannot read or write.
• Stephenson, Elizabeth, Age 16, Black, At School, native of New York.
• Stephenson, Emma, Age 8, Black, native of New York.
• Stephenson, Martha, Age 3, Black, native of New York.
• Stephenson, William, Age 13, Black, Works on Farm, native of New York.
• Stephenson, Eddie, Age 12, Black, Works on Farm, native of New York.
• Stephenson, Anna, Age 2, Black, native of New York.
• Stephenson, George, Age 7, Black, native of New York.


1880 Census, Town of Cazenovia (no page or family numbers available)

• Stevenson, George, Age 16, Single, Black, Occupied as Farm Laborer, Native of NY, Father Native of MD, Mother Native of PA, in household of Samuel Root (must be a son of John & Martha Stevenson).
• Stevenson, William, Age 25, Single, Black, Occupied as Farm Laborer, Native of NY, Father Native of MD, Mother Native of PA, in household of Julius C. Comstock (must be a son of John & Martha Stevenson).
• Stevenson, John, Married, Black, Age 46, Occupied as a Day Laborer, Native of Maryland, Nativity of Parents not known.
• Martha, Wife, Married, Black, Age 51, Occupied in Keeping House, Native of PA, Parents Native of PA.
• C. Edward, Son, Single, Black, Age 22, Occupied as Hostler, Native of New York, Father Native of MD, Mother Native of PA.
• Emma, Daughter, Single, Black, Age 16, At School, Native of New York, Father Native of MD, Mother Native of PA.
• Mina, Daughter, Single, Black, Age 13, At School, Native of New York, Father Native of MD, Mother Native of PA.
• Anna, Daughter, Single, Black, Age 11, At School, Native of New York, Father Native of MD, Mother Native of PA.

Tousaint, Peter A. & Family

1850 Census, Town of Cazenovia, Family #1213, Dwelling #1088, Page 153, Line 16 to 21.
• Tousaint, Peter A., Age 28, Mulatto, Native of Massachusetts.
• Tousaint, Susan, Age 24, Mulatto, Native of New York.
• Tousaint, Caroline, Age 6 years, Mulatto, Native of New York.
• Tousaint, Oliver A., Age 4 years, Mulatto, Native of New York.
• Tousaint, Charles W., Age 2 years, Mulatto, Native of New York.
• also Alice Tousley, Age 21, Mulatto, Native of New York.


1855 Census, Town of Cazenovia, District #2, Dwelling #186, Family #200, Page 63, Line 24.

• Tousaint, Peter A., District #2, Dwelling #186, Family #200, Page 63, Line 24, Frame Dwelling Valued at $600, Age 33, Resident 8 Years, 8 in Household, Occupied as Barber, Mulatto (more information is available in the original record - this is a summary only).


Census Death Schedules

• Tousaint, Charles W., mulatto, died of liver complaint, June 1859, age 11 years, died in Cazenovia.
• Tousaint, Oliver A., single, mulatto, died of measles, July 10, 1864, age 18 years, died in Dist. 2 Cazenovia.


1880 Census, Town of Cazenovia (no page or family numbers available)

• Tousaint, John, Age 25, Single, Black, Occupied as Barrber, Native of NY, Parents Native not given.

1850 Census, Town of Cazenovia.
(see Peter A. Tousaint & Family)

1850 Census, Town of Cazenovia, Dwelling #1932, Family #2125, Page 262, Lines 6 to 8.
• Tucker, Thomas, Age 35, Black, Mulatto, Farmer, Native of Massachusetts.
• Tucker, Deborah, Age 27, Mulatto, Native of New York.
• Tucker, Sabrina, Age "7/9" (less than one year), Mulatto, Native of New York.

1855 Census, Town of Fenner, Dwelling #305, Family #318, Page 36, Lines 3 to 6.
• Tyler, John, Age 25, Nativity Unknown, resident 1 year, cannot read or write.
• Tyler, Merinda, Age 20, Wife, native of Madison County, resident 1 year, cannot read or write.
• Tyler, Sarah E., Age 2 years, Daughter, Native of Madison County, resident 1 year.
• Tyler, Francis A., Age 8 months, Daughter, Native of Madison County.

1855 Census, Town of Fenner, Dwelling #91, Family #93, Page 10, Lines 44 to 43.
• Tyler, Joseph, Age 25, resident 4 years, Farmer, Native of Pennsylvania.
• Tyler, Mary, Age 21, Wife, resident 4 years, Native of Pennsylvania.
• Tyler, Benjamin M., Age 6 months, Son, Native of Madison County.

1850 Census, Town of Fenner, in household of James Lounsberry (white), Dwelling #1918, Family #2111, Page 260, Line 26.
• Waggoner, James, Age 16, Black, Laborer, Native of New York.

Anna Douglass White is the daughter of Buena Vista and Ruth Douglass.  She is listed in the 1920 Cazenovia (Village) Census in the household of her parents.  Go to Buena Vista Douglass & Family for more information.

Wood, James

1880 Census, Town of Cazenovia (no page or family numbers available)
• Wood, James, Age 38, Married, Black, Occupied as Day Laborer, Native of NY, Parents Native of NY, in household of George Cranson.

Wright, William

1855 Census, Town of Cazenovia, District #2, Dwelling #279, Family #305, Page 74, Line 1.
• Wright, William, Frame Dwelling Valued at $500, Age 40, Resident 4 Years, 2 in Household, Occupied as Gardener, Black (more information is available in the original record - this is a summary only).