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New York was inhabited by the Algonquin, Iroquois, and Lenape Native American groups at the time Dutch settlers moved into the region in the early 17th century. In 1609, the region was first claimed by Henry Hudson for the Dutch. Fort Nassau was built near the site of the present-day capital of Albany in 1614. The Dutch soon also settled New Amsterdam and parts of the Hudson River Valley, establishing the colony of New Netherland. The British took over the colony by annexation in 1664.
The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were roughly similar to those of the present-day state. About one third of all the battles of the Revolutionary War took place in New York. New York became an independent state on July 9, 1776, and enacted its constitution in 1777. The state ratified the United States Constitution on July 26, 1788 to become the eleventh state of the union.
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State Bird: Bluebird
State Flower: Rose
State Tree: Sugar Maple
State Nickname: The Empire State
State Motto: Excelsior (Ever Upwards)
State Song: I Love New York
State Mammal: Beaver
State Insect: Ladybird Beetle (Nine-spotted Lady Bug)
State Fish: Brook Trout
State Shell: Bay Scallop
State Fruit: Apple
State Fossil: Sea Scorpion
State Gem: Garnet
New York Ghost Towns
Native American Special Project
New York Cemetery Project
New York's Chuckwagon
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