Arrival of Rev. Mr. Beaver and wife.—His
opinion of the company.—A double wedding.—Mrs. Spalding and Mrs. Whitman at
Vancouver.—Men explore the country and locate stations.—Their opinion of the
country.—Indian labor.—A winter trip down Snake River.
| |
|
CHAPTER XXII. |
|
The French and American settlers.—Hudson's
Bay Company's traveling traders.—The Flatheads.—Their manner of traveling.
Marriage.—Their honesty.—Indian fight and scalp dance.—Fight with the
Sioux.—At Council Bluffs. |
| |
|
CHAPTER XXIII.
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|
Re-enforcement to the Methodist
Mission.—Re-enforcement to the mission of the American Board. |
| |
|
CHAPTER XXIV.
|
|
Arrival of Jesuit missionaries.—Toupin's
statement about Rev. A. B. Smith.—Death of Mrs. Jason Lee.—First
express.—Jesuits at work.—The first printing—press.—The Catholic tree. |
| |
|
CHAPTER XXV.
|
|
Independent missionaries arrive.—Their
troubles.—Conversion of Indians at the Dalles.—Their motives.—Emigrants of
1839.—Blubber—Mouth Smith.—Re—enforcement of the Methodist Mission in
1840.—Father De Smet.—Rev. Harvey Clark and associates.—Ewing Young.—Names
of missionaries and settlers. |
| |
|
CHAPTER XXVI
|
|
1840.—Petition to Congress of United
States.—British subjects amenable to the laws of Canada.—Mr. Douglas as
justice of the peace.—Mr. Leslie as judge. |
| |
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CHAPTER XXVII.
|
|
Death of Ewing Young.—First public attempt
to organize a provisional government. Origin of the provisional
government.—First Oregon schooner. |
| |
|
CHAPTER XXVIII.
|
|
Lee and Hines explore the Umpqua River.—Mr. Hines tells a
story.—Massacre and plunder of Smith's party by the Indians.—Sympathy of the
Hudson's Bay Company.—Extract from the San Francisco Bulletin. |
| |
|
CHAPTER XXIX.
|
|
Missionaries leaving.—Hudson's Bay
Company's Gold Exchange.—Population in 1842.—Whitman and Lovejoy start for
the States.—The Red River emigration.—American merchants.—Settlers not
dependent on the Hudson's Bay Company.—Milling Company.—The Oregon
Institute.—Dr. Elijah White.—Proceedings at a public meeting.—Correspondence
with the War Department. |
| |
|
CHAPTER XXX. |
|
Dispatch of Dr. White to the Commissioner
of Indian Affairs.—He praises the Hudson's Bay Company.—His—account of the
Indians.—Indian outrages,—Dr. White's expedition to the Nez Percés.—Indian
council.—Speeches.—Electing a chief.—Laws of the Nez Percés.—Visit to the
Cayuses.—Doings of the missionaries.—Drowning of Mr. Rogers and
family.—George Geere.—Volcanoes.—Petition against Governor McLaughlin. |
| |
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CHAPTER XXXI. |
|
Letter of H. H. Spalding to Dr.
White.—Account of his mission among the Nez
Percés.—Schools.—Cultivation.—Industrial arts.—Moral character.—Arable
land.—Letter of Commissioner of Indian Affairs to the Secretary of War. |
| |
|
CHAPTER XXXII.
|
|
Dr. E. White's letter to the Secretary of
War.—Excitement among the Indians.—Visit to Nez Percés, Cayuses, and
Wallawallas.—Destitution and degradation of the Coast Indians.—Dr. White
eulogizes Governor McLaughlin and the Hudson's Bay Company.—Schools and
missions.—Mr. Jesse Applegate.—Dr. White's second letter.—Letters of Peter
H. Hatch and W. H. Wilson.—Seizure of a distillery. Search for
liquor.—Letter of James D. Saules.—Fight with Indians.—Death of
Cockstock..—Description and character of him.—The Molallas and Klamaths.
Agreement with the Dalles Indians.—Presents to Cockstock's widow.—Dr.
White's third letter.—Letter of Rev. G. Hines to Dr. White.—Letter of W.
Medill. |
| |
|
CHAPTER XXXIII.
|
|
First council to organize a provisional
government.—Library founded.—Origin of the Wolf Association.—The Methodist
Mission influence.—Dr. White exhibits his credentials.—First " wolf
meeting."—Proceedings of the second "wolf
meeting."Officers.—Resolutions.—Bounties to be paid.—Resolution to appoint a
committee of twelve for the civil and. military protection of the
settlement.—Names of the members of the committee. |
| |
|
CHAPTER XXXIV. |
|
First meeting of the committee of
twelve.—All invited to participate.—The Rev. J. Lee and Mr. Abernethy
ridicule the organization.—Mr. Lee tells a story.—Letter from Governor
Abernethy.—The main question at issue.—Drowning of Cornelius Rogers and
party.—Conduct of Dr. White.—Methodist Mission.—Catholic boasts of
conversions. |
| |
|
CHAPTER XXXV.
|
|
Meetings to oppose organization.—Address of the
French—Canadians.—Criticisms on it by the author.—The Jesuits.—Jesuit
oath.—Article from Cincinnati Beacon. |
| |
|
CHAPTER XXXVI. |
|
The meeting at Champoeg.—Tactics of the
Jesuit party.—Counter—tactics of the Americans.—A division and its
result.—Public record.—Opposition to clergymen as legislators.—Mr. Hines, as
an historian.—His errors.—Importance of Mr. Hines' history.—Difficulty among
the Indians.—Cause of the difficulty. |
| |
|
CHAPTER XXXVII.
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|
Whitman's visit to Washington.—A priest's
boast.—A taunt, and Whitman's reply.—Arrival in—Washington.—Interview with
Secretary Webster.—With President Tyler.—His return.—Successful passage of
the Rocky Mountains with two hundred wagons.—His mill burned during his
absence. |
| |
|
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
|
|
Petition of the citizens of Oregon in
1843.—Complaints against the Hudson's Bay Company.—The Milling
Company.—Kicking the half—bushel.—Land claims of Dr. McLaughlin.—Names of
the signers.—Reasons for not signing.—Notice, deed, and bond of John
McLaughlin.—Claim of Alvin F. Waller.
|
| |
|
CHAPTER XXXIX. |
|
Extracts from Mr. Hines' history.—Attempt
to capture an Indian horse—thief.—Dr. McLaughlin refuses to sell supplies to
the signers of the petition.—Excitement in the settlement.—Interview; with
Dr. McLaughlin at Vancouver. |
| |
|
CHAPTER XL.
|
|
A combination of facts.—Settlers alive to
their danger.—Mr. Hines' disparagement of the Methodist Mission.—Indians
want pay for being whipped.—Indian honesty.—Mr, Hines' opinion of the
Indians' religion—Mr. Geiger's advice.—Dr. McLaughlin's answer to Yellow
Serpent.—Baptiste Doreo.—Four conflicting influences. |
| |
|
CHAPTER XLI.
|
|
Governor Simpson and Dr. Whitman in
Washington.—Interviews with Daniel Webster and President Tyler.—His cold
reception in Boston by the American Board.—Conducts a large emigration
safely across the Rocky Mountains into Oregon.—The "Memorial Half—Century
Volume."—The Oregon mission ignored by the American Board.—Dr.
McLaughlin.—His connection with the Hudson's Bay Company.—Catholic Cayuses'
manner of praying.—Rev. C. Eells.—Letter from A. L. Lovejoy.—Description of
Whitman's and Lovejoy's winter journey from Oregon to Bent's Fort on the
Arkansas River. |
| |
|
CHAPTER XLII.
|
|
Assembly of the Nez Percés,. Cayuses, and
Wallawallas.—Mock fight.—Council with the Indians.—Speeches by Yellow
Serpent, Tilokaikt, the Prince, and Illutin.—The secret of the whole
difficulty.—John, the Kanaka.—A cow for a horse.—Killing of a medicine
woman. |
| |
|
CHAPTER XLIII.
|
|
The Legislative Committee of nine.—Hon.
Robert Moore, chairman.—Description of the members.—Minutes of their
proceedings.—Dr. R. Newell, his character.—Two specimens of his
speeches.—The dark clouds.
|
| |
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CHAPTER XLIV.
|
|
Fourth of July, 1843.—Oration by Mr.
Hines.—Meeting of July 5.—Debate on the land law.—How the Jesuits and the
Hudson's Bay Company secured their land claims.—Speech of the Rev. G. Hines
against the proposed Executive Committee.—The committee supported by O'Neil,
Shortess, and Lee.—W. H. Gray closes the debate.—The report of the committee
adopted.—Committee appointed to report to Congress, another to make a Digest
of Territorial laws, and a third to prepare and administer an oath of
office. |
| |
|
CHAPTER XLV. |
|
Organic
laws.—Resolutions.—Districts.—Militia law.—Land claims.—Certificate. |
| |
|
CHAPTER XLVI.
|
|
Description of the State House.—Conduct of
the French settlers.—Arrival of Dr. Whitman's party of
immigrants.—Prosperity of the settlers.—Change in the policy of the Hudson's
Bay Company.—Their exorbitant claims. |
| |
|
CHAPTER XLVII.
|
|
Actions speak louder than words.—Efforts
of the Hudson's Bay Company to discourage immigration.—Account of the two
Jesuits, F. N. Blanchet and P. J. De Smet.—Protestant missionaries
discouraged.—Important position of the Rev. G. Hines.—Recall of the Rev.
Jason Lee.—Efforts of the Hudson's Bay Company to prevent emigration to the
Territory.—Statement of General Palmer.—Indian combinations.—The Donner
party.—Extent of Oregon at this time. |
| |
|
CHAPTER XLVIII.
|
|
1844.—The settlements alarmed.—Indian attack.—Death of G.
W. Le Breton.—Meeting at Mr. La Chapelle's.—Volunteer company formed.—The
Modeste in the Columbia River.—The Legislative Assembly.—Names of the
members.—Peter H. Burnett.—Mr. David Hill.—Oregon social standard.—M. M.
McCarver.—"Old Brass Gun."'A. L. Lovejoy.—Daniel Waldo.—Thomas D.
Keizer.—Black act.—Prohibitory liquor law. |
| |
|
CHAPTER XLIX.
|
|
Message of the Executive
Committee.—Observations on the message.—Generosity of the Hudson's Bay
Company.—The Methodist Mission.—The Oregon Printing—press
Association.—George Abernethy, Esq. |
| |
|
CHAPTER L.
|
|
Dr. White's report.—Seizure and
destruction of a distillery.—Homicide of Joel Turnham—State of the
Territory.—Trials of Dr. White.—The liquor law.—Revenue act.—Case of the
negro Saul.—The Indians kill an ox.—Other Indian difficulties.—Indian
expedition to California.—Death of the Indian Elijah.—State of the
Territory.—Claim of the Hudson's Bay Company on the north bank of the
Columbia.—Letter of Peter H. Burnett.—The Nez Percés and Cayuses.—Extract
from the report of the United States Senate. |
| |
|
CHAPTER LI. |
|
1845.—Public meetings to elect delegates
to convention.—Candidates for governor;.—Members elected to the Legislative
Committee.—Oath of office.—Mr. Applegate's announcement.—Dr. McLaughlin's
amphibiousness.—Description of the /members of the Legislative
Committee.—Business of the session.—Ermatinger's election contested.—Mr.
Garrison's resolutions.—Anti-slavery resolution.—Organic law
revised.—Improvements and condition of the country. |
| |
|
CHAPTER LII.
|
|
1845.—Second session of the Legislative
Committee.—Mr. McCarver removed from the office of Speaker.—Mr. Applegate's
resolutions.—Protest of Gray, Foisy, and Straight.—A legislative
incident.—Law against dueling.—Dr. White addresses the
Legislature.—Resolutions.—Dr. White denies the right of the settlers to
organize a provisional government.—McCarver signs documents without
authority.—Resolutions by the house on the subject.—Impertinent letter from
Dr. White to the house.—White cornered by President Polk.—Incidents in
White's temperance movements.—Proposition to repeal all laws for the
collection of debts.—The Currency act.—Adjournment of the Legislature in
August.—Meets again in December.—Proposal to locate the capital. |
| |
|
CHAPTER LIII.
|
|
The liquor law.—Amended act of 1845.—Message of the
governor on the same.—Repeal of the prohibitory and passage of the
license—law.—Letter of James Douglas.—Reply of Mr. Samuel Parker.——Dr.
Tolmie's resolution on the judiciary.—The governor's veto of the license
law.—Immigration for Oregon and California in 1846.—Arrival of the brig
Henry.—The Oregon Printing Association.—The Spectator, the first
newspaper in Oregon.—W. G. T. Vault, first editor.—H. A. G. Lee, second
editor.—G. L. Curry, third editor.—Judge Wait, fourth editor. |
| |
|
CHAPTER LIV.
|
|
The Whitman massacre.—Narratives of, by J.
B. A. Brouillet and J. Ross Browne.—Extract from the New York
Evangelist.—Statements of Father Brouillet criticised.—Testimony of John
Kimzey.—Dr. Whitman at Umatilla.—Returns home. |
| |
|
CHAPTER LV.
|
|
Occupations of the victims immediately
before the massacre.—Description of the mission buildings.—The Doctor called
into the kitchen to be. murdered.—Joe Lewis, the leader in the massacre.—The
scene outside.—The Doctor's house plundered.—Mrs. Whitman shot.—Brutalities
to the dead and dying.—Escape of some and murder of others.—Safety of the
French Papists and the servants of the Hudson's Bay Company.—Fate of Joe
Lewis. |
| |
| CHAPTER LVI.
|
|
Comments on Vicar—General Brouillet's
arguments against the Whitman massacre being the act of Catholics.—Joe
Stanfield: Brouillet's story in his favor.—Murders on the second
day.—Deposition of Daniel Young.—More murders. |
| |
| CHAPTER LVII
|
|
How the country was saved to the United
States.—Article from the New York Evening Post.—Ingratitude of the American
Board.—Deposition of Elam Young.—Young girls taken for Indian
wives.—Statement of Miss Lorinda Bewley.—Sager, Bewley, and Sales killed. |
| |
|
CHAPTER LVIII. |
|
Vicar—General Brouillet's
statement.—Statement of Istacus.—The priest finds the poison.—Statement of
William Geiger, Jr.—Conduct of Mr. McBean.—Influence of the Jesuit missions. |
| |
|
CHAPTER LIX. |
|
Continuation of Miss Bewley's
evidence.—The priests refuse her protection.—Forcibly taken from the
bishop's house by Five Crows.—Brouillet advises her to remain with her
Indian violator.—Indecent question by a priest.—Mr. Brouillet attempts to
get a statement from her.—Two questions.—Note from Mrs. Bewley.—Bishop
Blanchet's letter to Governor Abernethy.—Comments on the Jesuits'
proceedings.—Grand council at the bishop's.—Policy in forcing Miss Bewley to
Five Crows' lodge.—Speeches by Camaspelo and Tilokaikt.—Killing of Elijah
and the Nez Percé chief commented on.—The true story told.—Dr. White's
report.—The grand council again.—Review of Brouillet's narrative.—Who were
the real authors of the massacre. |
| |
|
CHAPTER LX.
|
|
The Hudson's Bay Company's and the
priests' part in the massacre.—McBean's messenger.—Plot divulged to Hinman,
Ogden, and Douglas.—Douglas's remark to Hinman.—McBean's letter.—His
perversion of facts.—Comments.—Sir James Douglas's letter to Governor
Abernethy.—His Sandwich Islands letter.—Its falsehood and absurdity.—Mr.
Hinman's letter to Governor Abernethy.—The dates.—Assertion of Robert
Newell.—Hudson's Bay Company v. United States. |
| |
|
CHAPTER LXI. |
|
Preliminary events of the Cayuse war.—Message of Governor
Abernethy.—Journal of the house.—Resolutions.—Assembling of the people at
the call of the governor.—Enlisting of men.—Names of the volunteers.—Names
of the officers.—Their flag.—Their departure.—Letter to Sir James
Douglas.—His reply.—Commissioners return.—Address to the citizens.—Public'
meeting.—Report of commissioners to the Legislature.—Messenger sent to
Washington.—Memorial to Congress.—Champoeg County tax.—Strength of the
settlement called for.—Bishop Blanchet's letter to Governor Abernethy. |
| |
|
CHAPTER LXII. |
|
The Cayuse war.—Letter of Captain Lee.—Indians friendly
with the Hudson's Bay Company.—Conduct of Mr. Ogden.—His letters to Mr.
Walker and Mr. Spalding:—Note of Rev. G. H. Atkinson.—Sir James Douglas's
letter to Governor Abernethy.—A rumor.—The governor's reply.—Another letter
from Sir James.—Mr. Ogden.—Extraordinary presents to the Indians of arms and
ammunition.—Colonel Gilliam's campaign.—Indian fight.—Property captured.—The
Des Chutes Indians make peace.—Captain McKay's company of British subjects
join the army.—A nuisance.—" Veritas."—Nicholas Finlay gives the signal for
battle.—Running fight.—Captain McKay's company.—Council held by the peace
commissioners with the Indians.—Governor Abernethy's address.—Speeches of
the Indians Camaspelo, Joseph, Jacob, Old James, Red Wolf, Timothy, Richard,
and Kentuck.—Letters of Joel Palmer, R. Newell, James Douglas, and William
McBean.—Who is responsible for the Cayuse war? |
| |
|
CHAPTER LXIII.
|
|
Letter to General Lovejoy.—Call for men and ammunition.—Yankama
chief.—His speech.—Small supply of ammunition.—Letter of Joseph
Cadwallader.—Claim and a girt—Combined Indian tribes.—Ladies of
Oregon.—Public meeting.—A noble address.—Vote of thanks.—Address of the
young ladies.—Death of Colonel Gilliam.—His campaign.—Colonel Waters'
letter.—Doubtful position of Indians.—Number at Fort Wallawalla.—Results
of the war.—Jesuit letters.—Fathers Hoikin and De Smet.—The
Choctaws.—Indian confederacy.—Last hope of the Indian.—Jesuit
policy.—The Irish in the war of the Rebellion.—Father Hecker.—Boasts of
the Jesuits.—Letter of Lieutenant Rogers.—Priests supply the Indians
with arms and ammunition.—Ammunition seized.—Oregon Argus.—Discovery
of gold.—No help for the—Indian.—Withdrawal of the Hudson's Bay Company
to Vancouver.—The smooth-tongued Jesuits yet remain. |
| |
|
CHAPTER LXIV. |
| Missions among the Western
Indians.—The Coeur d'Alene Mission.—Protestant and Catholic missions
compared.—What the American Protestant missionaries have done for the
country and the Indians.—Extent of their influence, progress, and
improvements.—Patriotism of Dr. Whitman. |
| |
| CHAPTER LXV.
|
|
Description of the face of the country.—Agricultural and
mining productions.—Timber.—The Wallamet.—Columbia.—Dalles.—Upper
Columbia.—Mountains.—Rivers.—Mineral wealth.—Climate.—The Northern Pacific
Railroad.—Conclusion. |
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[ first chapter --->]
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