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Pension Application of Thomas Richardson: S9075

                        Transcribed and annotated by C. Leon Harris

 

Declaration in order to obtain the benefit of the Act of Congress passed June the 7th 1832

State of Virginia} SS

County of Patrick}

On this 11th day of October 1841 personally appeared before the undersigned Justice of the County Court of Patrick County State aforesaid (it being a Court of Record) Thomas Richardson a resident of the said County and State aforesaid aged 79 years, who being first duly sworn according to law doth on his oath make the following declaration in order to obtain the Benefit of the Act of Congress passed June the 7th 1832. That he entered the service of the United States under the following named officers and served as herein stated.

This declarant states that he was drafted into the service of the United States in the County of Halifax State of Virginia (where he then resided) in the fall of the year 1780 and was attached to a company of Militia commanded by Captain Edmond King who immediately marched to the south to join the Southern Army under the command of general Gates. They joined Gates’s Army at Hillsborough North Carolina. shortly after they joined this army General Green took command of the same.  in a short time they marched to the south and was for a while stationed on the Bank of the Pede [sic: Great Pee Dee River in South Carolina] oposite the Cheraw  from thence they marched to Hixes[?] ford [sic: possibly a ford of Hicks Creek near Cheraw]  there remained untill news of a reinforcement to the British Army reach General Green, which caused him to leave there closely pursued by the British  after they crossed the Yadkin River about 8 miles from Salisbury in N. C. this applicant was discharged and made his way home. he does not recollect precisely when he entered the service nor the day of the month he was discharged, but he knows he had served over his three months tour when discharged but not knowing how long over, he only claims for three months service

Ques by the Magistrate – did you not get a written discharge

Answer  no I got no written discharge for this tour, we were so closely pursued by the british that there was no time for writing discharges

this applicant states that he had not been at home but a few days before he entered the service again, as a Volunteer under Captain John Thomson who raised a company of Volunteers to join Greens Army who was retreating before the British. there they immediately march off  crossed Dan River at Irwin’s ferry [in Halifax County VA just upstream from present South Boston]  marched to a River called Hico [sic: Hyco]  from there to the Red House  from there to the Battle of Guilford [sic: Battle of Guilford Court House]  in this Battle his captain (Capt. Thompson, was killed).  after the battle was over and Greens army was again united this declarant was placed under the command of Capt. Wakly in the Regiment command by Major Rose [sic: Alexander Ross].  this applicant states that he was then marched from Deep River to South Carolina to the wax haws [sic: Waxhaws] Camden, Rugely Mills, fort Granby and ninety six  after leaving ninety six they march to the High Hills of Santee where this applicant was discharged on the 28th day of July 1781 as his discharge will show signed by Major Alex Rose and herewith enclosed to the war department

Question  was you in any battles during this tour of duty and if so where were they – Answer  I was at the battle of Guilford  Waxhaws near Camden and ninety six and several other engagements during this tour of service, but was never in the heat of battle  was either upon some outpost or taking care of the baggage or some other duty

Question  where and in what year were you born

Answer – I was born in Halifax Va on the 3rd day of June 1763

Question – have you any record of your age and if so where is it.  Answer I have my age recorded in my Bible

Question – where was you living when you entered the service and where have you lived since the Revolutionary war and where do you now live

Answer – I lived in the County of Halifax when I entered the service and lived there and in Pittsylvania County ever since till about three year ago I [word illegible] to this county where I now reside–

[One or two words illegible] names of some of the regular officers who were with the troops where you served and the names of such other officers as you can recollect  Answer– in addition those already named I recollect Col Washington [William Washington of Continental Light Dragoons]  Marion [General Francis “Swamp Fox” Marion of Marion’s Brigade of Partisans]  Williams [Col Otho Holland Williams of the Maryland Continental Brigade] and others but I do not know whether they were regular officers or officers of the Militia

the declarant states in the last mentioned tour of service he must have entered the service the first of March 1781 and having continued in the service to the 28th day of July making five months and 28 days and three months the first tour making in the whole 7 months and 28 days without allowing time to get home from South Carolina were he was last discharged which must have taken ten days  if it is right to charge the time in coming home he claims eight months and eight days  if not allowed for coming home he was seven months and 28 days in actual service for which he claims a Pension  he further states that knows of no living witness by whom he can prove his services

Question  why have you not made application for a Pension before now  Answer – a gentleman in Halifax County shortly after the passage of the law giving pensions to the Militia proposed to make out my Declaration but said he would charge me half what would be conveyed to me. I refused to give it to him then being able to work for a living. I thought I had as well gave it to the government as to that gentleman. But I am not now able to work on account of old age and infirmity and should be glad to get help from the government

the applicant states that he is not able to attend the Court on account of bodily infirmity he hereby relinquishes every claim whatever to a Pension, or an annuity except the present, and declares that his name is not on the pension roll of any agency in any state of United States

Sworn to and subscribed before me the day and year aforesaid

Martin Cloud JOP}                    [signed] Thomas Richardson

 

NOTES: The following is a chronology of Richardson’s service:

1780

Aug 16             Entire Southern Army under Gen. Horatio Gates defeated at Camden SC

Fall                   Richardson drafted into Halifax County VA militia and joins Gates’s scattered and

                        demoralized army at Hillsborough NC

Dec 2               Gen. Nathanael Greene takes command at Charlotte NC; begins rebuilding

                        Southern Army

Dec 8               Greene orders Col. Thaddeus Kosciuszko to construct winter quarters on the

                        Great Pee Dee River in South Carolina

Dec 26             Richardson and more than 1100 others arrive at winter camp on the Pee Dee

1781

early Feb          Cornwallis, having wintered in Winnsboro SC, begins pursuit of Greene’s army.

                        Greene’s army, divided and still weak, retreats toward relative safety in Virginia.

Feb 9               Troops from the Pee Dee camp join Greene’s army in the race for the Dan River.

                        Richardson is discharged and returns home to Halifax County VA, but soon

                        re-enlists.

Feb 14             Greene’s army crosses the Dan just hours ahead of Cornwallis, who must retire to

                        Hillsborough NC to rest and resupply.

                        Richardson and his company join Greene’s army

March 14          Greene takes his army to his chosen battlefield at Guilford Courthouse, 6 miles

                        north of present Greensboro.

March 15          Cornwallis successfully attacks Greene, but the victory is so costly that

                        Cornwallis must again retire to Wilmington NC. Greene pursues him a short

                        distance, then leaves Cornwallis to deal with Lafayette and Washington in Virginia

                        while he returns to South Carolina to attack British outposts.

April 13            50 Tories attack the settlement at Waxhaws SC. Richardson claimed to be present.

                        Greene’s army continues through Rugeley’s Mill.

April 25            Battle of Hobkirk’s Hill at Camden SC, probably one of the “several other

                        engagements” mentioned by Richardson

                        Richardson with Greene’s army passes through Fort Granby.

May 22             Greene lays siege to the British fort at Ninety-Six SC, but abandons it on June 19

                        on hearing of approach of British reinforcements.

July                  Greene’s army retires to the High Hills of Santee north of present Lake Marion in

                        South Carolina to wait out the worst of summer’s heat.

July 28             Richardson discharged